唐代汴州——宣武軍節度使研究

出版时间:2011-3  出版社:花木蘭文化出版社  作者:曾賢熙  
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内容概要

唐代宣武軍節度使轄汴、宋、毫、穎四州,此四州居河、淮之間,地勢低平,水道縱橫,自古即為關中通東南地區的交通要道。隋煬帝開通濟渠,目的不僅為遊幸,至唐,通濟渠更成為轉輸東南財賦至西北的大動脈,汴、宋、毫三州為運河所經,唐長安政府對東南財賦的倚賴程度愈大,此區地位益形重要。
首都為首善之區,人文薈萃之地,隋唐政府以國防及政治因素,定都長安。關中地區地狹人稠,糧食常不能自給,至高宗、武后時,因對外用兵及官僚集團的膨脹,每遇飢荒,輒有就食東都之行。玄宗重視漕運,把關東的財賦區與關中的政治文化中心緊密的結合在一起,成就了大唐盛世。
安史之亂後,河北租賦不入王室,唐中央政府對東南地區糧食的需求轉殷,主控通濟渠運道的宣武軍節度使人選,甚受朝廷重視。河南、河北藩鎮叛亂時,本區為敵對雙方爭取的對象,吐蕃、南詔寇擾時,本區提供防秋、防冬之兵與糧。
黃巢之亂,竄擾中國幾半,兩京殘破,東南地區生產事業遭受重大打擊,唐政權漸步入衰亡。朱溫降唐,以宣武軍為基礎,經二十幾年的發展,陸續併吞鄰鎮,成為當時天下第一強藩,終於篡唐。朱溫定都汴州,從此中國政治中心東移,以全國經濟重心東移故也。

作者简介

曾賢熙,中國文化大學史學研究所博士,曾任大葉工學院共同科講師、副教授、大葉工學院教務處課務組主任,現任大葉大學造形藝術學系、通識教育中心合聘副教授。撰有《唐代前期(618-755)對安西四鎮的經營》(碩士論文,1983),《唐代汴州――宣武軍節度研究》(博士論文,1991),以及在期刊、研討會發表之論文30 餘篇。

书籍目录

第一章 緒 論···························································· 1
第二章 宣武軍節度使的地理與人文························· 7
第一節 地理形勢······················································ 7
第二節 氣候與物產················································ 17
第三節 水陸交通···················································· 21
第四節 人文特色···················································· 30
第三章 關中本位政策下的宣武軍節度使··············· 33
第一節 隋唐時代的長安與洛陽····························· 33
第二節 唐代前期的宣武軍節度使·························· 39
第四章 藩鎮割據時期(肅宗~憲宗)的宣武軍
節度使·························································· 61
第一節 安史之亂時期的汴宋毫潁四州·················· 61
一、安史之亂的背景········································· 61
二、雍丘、宋州攻防戰····································· 64
三、運糧道的調整············································· 70
第二節 藩鎮抗命時期的宣武軍節度使·················· 74
一、繼承之戰·················································· 102
二、築城危機·················································· 107
三、運道爭奪戰·············································· 112
第三節 元和中興與宣武軍節度使························ 116
第五章 唐末的變亂與宣武軍節度使····················· 123
第一節 河朔復亂對宣武軍節度使的影響············ 123
第二節 劉稹之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 127
第三節 龐勛之亂與宣武軍節度使························ 130
一、東南地區人民的負擔······························· 130
二、龐勛之亂·················································· 132
第四節 黃巢之亂與朱溫篡唐······························· 135
一、黃巢之亂·················································· 135
二、朱溫的崛起·············································· 140
三、朱全忠與鄰鎮的交兵······························· 143
四、朱全忠篡唐·············································· 145
第六章 結 論························································ 149
參考書目···································································· 151
附 圖
圖一:中國歷史上各個時期基本經濟區位置圖··············· 3
圖二:宣武軍節度使轄區圖··········································· 8
圖三:宣武軍節度使所轄州縣圖·································· 10
圖四:宣武軍節度使區與周邊地理形勢圖···················· 11
圖五:宣武軍節度使轄區地形東西向剖面示意圖·········· 12
圖六:宣武軍節度使轄區地形南北向剖面示意圖·········· 13
圖七:開封附近的黃河剖面圖····································· 13
圖八:黃河六大變遷圖················································ 15
圖九:唐代黃河下游之經行圖····································· 16
圖十:黃河陝縣水文站水位流量曲線圖························ 19
圖十一:隋通濟渠略圖················································ 25
圖十二:唐代東都以東交通路線示意圖························ 27
圖十三:汴州與相州、魏州交通路線圖························ 29
圖十四:唐代安史之亂圖············································ 65
圖十五:唐代秦嶺山脈東段諸谷道圖··························· 71
圖十六:唐代黃巢之亂圖·········································· 138
附 表
表一:中國治水活動的歷史發展與地理分布的統計表····· 5
表二:唐代宣武軍節度使轄區渠道陂塘分布表············· 17
表三:黃淮平原的氣溫和雨量····································· 18
表四:唐代黃河南北諸道賦貢表·································· 21
表五:宣武軍節度使轄州州治與兩都鄰州州治里程表··· 30
表六:宣武軍節度轄區及其鄰區之風俗表···················· 31
表七:前漢至唐長安地區(渭水流域)人口統計表······ 35
表八:前漢至唐洛陽地區(洛水黃河流域)人口統計
表···································································· 35
表九:開皇天寶間戶口變化表····································· 43
表十:大業五年戶口地理分布表·································· 44
表十一:大業五年戶口密度分布表······························· 44
表十二:大業貞觀戶口地理分布比率比較表················· 46
表十三:貞觀中戶口密度分布表·································· 46
表十四:貞觀十三年與天寶元年戶口增減表················· 47
表十五:天寶元年人口密度分布表······························· 48
表十六:大業貞觀天寶年間各道戶口增減百分比表······ 49
表十七:唐代前期(618~755)部分州府長官任期表··· 52
表十八:唐代汴州刺史表(618~755)························ 54
表十九:唐代宋州刺史表(618~755)························ 57
表二十:唐代毫州刺史表(618~755)························ 59
表二十一:唐代泗州刺史表(618~755) ···················· 60
表二十二:淮南節度使表············································ 77
表二十三:武寧軍節度使表········································· 80
表二十四:宣武軍節度使表········································· 83
表二十五:忠武軍節度使表········································· 87
表二十六:義成節度使表············································ 91
表二十七:河陽節度使表············································ 95
表二十八:陝虢都防禦觀察處置等使表························ 98
表二十九:代宗德宗時各節度使內亂表······················ 105

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