出版时间:2008-10 出版社:中央编译出版社 作者:巴尔塔沙·葛拉西安 页数:365 译者:英译:约瑟夫·雅各布斯,汉译:王涌芬
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前言
在许多欧洲学者眼里,人类思想史上具有永恒价值的处世智慧包含于三大奇书之中:一是马基雅维里的《君王论》,二是孙武的《孙子兵法》,三就是葛拉西安的《智慧书》。《君王论》主要是为那些处心积虑想取得或保有王权的帝王而写;《孙子兵法》则主要为那些运筹于帷幄之中的将帅而写;而《智慧书》呢,却是为每一个人为人处世、安身立命而写。如果单从处世智慧来看,《智慧书》则是三本奇书中最微妙、最具实用价值的一本。德国大哲学家叔本华曾刻意将《慧智书))译成德文,并盛赞此书“绝对的独一无二”。尼采也赞扬此书在论述道德的奥妙方面,整个欧洲也没有一本书比它更精微、更曲折多姿;他在一则札记中写道:“葛拉西安的人生经验显示出今日无人能比的智慧与颖悟。”《智慧书》的作者巴尔塔沙·葛拉西安(Baltasar Gracian)是17世纪西班牙思想家、哲学家,也是一位满怀入世热忱的耶稣会教士,他的一生充满了坎坷。葛拉西安于1601年生于西班牙阿拉贡的贝尔蒙特村,1619年进入耶稣会见习修行,此后历任军中神父、告解神父、宣教师、教授及行政人员。
内容概要
本书汇集了300则绝妙的格言警句,论及识人观事、慎断是非、修炼自我、防范邪恶等处世智慧和谋略。自1647年问世以来,深受读者喜爱,历经几百年时光之淘洗而不衰。叔本华将其译为德文,赞誉它“绝对独一无二”;尼采则断言:“在剖析道德方面,整个欧洲没人能比葛拉西安更为慎密、更为精细。”而且,它还与《君王论》、《孙子兵法》一同被欧洲学者视为千百年来人类思想史上具有永恒价值的三大智慧奇书。
作者简介
巴尔塔沙•葛拉西安(Baltasar Gracian),17世纪西班牙哲学家、思想家、耶稣会教士。1601年出生于西班牙阿拉贡的贝尔蒙特村。1619年,进入耶稣会见习修行,此后历任军中神父、告解神父、宣教师、教授及行政人员等职。1637年,其处女作《英雄》(El heroe)问世,旋即引起轰动;1640年,讨论领袖素质的《政治家》(El politico)出版;1643年,分析诗歌的《诗之才艺》(Agudeza y arte de ingenio)出版;1647年,巅峰之作《智慧书》(Oraculo)问世。
葛拉西安因其笔锋犀利、讥讽政治,被耶稣会警告,未获批准不得出版作品。1651年,寓言小说《批评家》(El ctitican)问世。为此,他被耶稣会解除了教席,放逐至一乡下小镇,直至1658年终老于此。
葛拉西安一生坎坷,他的思想却对许多欧洲著名道德伦理学家以及德国17-18世纪的宫廷文学和19世纪的哲学产生了重要的影响。
书籍目录
译者序:历经时光淘洗而不衰的处世经典/11.万物已近极致/3 Everything is at its acme2.品性与智慧/3 Character and intellect3.做事时常留有悬念/3 Keep matters for a time in suspense4.有识亦应有胆/5 Knowledge and courage5.让别人依赖你/5 Create a feeling of dependence6.至善至美的境界/7 A man at his highest point7.不要比上司更耀眼/9 Avoid victories over superiors8.不被激情左右/11 To be without passions9.避免土生土长的缺陷/11 Avoid the faults of your nation10.财富与名望/13 Fortune and fame11.择师而交/13 Cultivate those who can teach you12.自然和人工:原料与加工/15 Nature and art13.有时三思而行,有时立下决断/15 Act sometimes on second thoughts, sometimes on first impulse14.事物本身及做事的方法/19 The thing itself and the way it is done15.广纳贤人/19 Keep ministering spirits16.学识和善心/21 Knowledge and good intentions17.变换你的行为模式/21 Vary the mode of action18.能力和努力/23 Application and ability19.事前不要让人期望过高/25 Arouse no exaggerated expectations on entering20.生逢其时的人/27 A man of the age21.幸运之道/27 The art of being lucky22.学以致用/29 A man of knowledge to the point23.没有瑕疵/29 Be spotless24.控制自己的幻想/31 Keep the imagination under control25.善于领会弦外之音/31 Know how to take a hint26.揪出他人的把柄/33 Find out each man’s thumbscrew27.求精深重于求广博/33 Prize intensity more than extent28.超凡脱俗/35 Common in nothing29.刚直的人/35 A man of rectitude30.不做毁誉之事/37 Have naught to do with occupations of ill-repute31.学会趋利避害/39 Select the lucky and avoid the unlucky32.因善行而闻名/39 Have the reputation of being gracious33.知道如何逃避/41 Know how to withdraw34.了解自己的最强项/41 Know your strongest point35.遇事斟酌,遇要事则更要斟酌/43 Think over things, most over the most important36.进退之际,了解时运/45 In acting or refraining, weigh your luck37.准备一些讥诮话,并善加利用/45 Keep a store of sarcasms, and know how to use them38.急流勇退/47 Leave your luck while winning39.了解事物成熟的时机,并善加利用/49 Recognize when things are ripe, and then enjoy them40.获得人们的好感/49 Gain the goodwill of people41.切勿言过其实/51 Never exaggerate42.天生为王/53 Born to wommand43.心随精英,口随大众/53 Think with the few and speak with the many44.英雄相惜/55 Sympathy with great minds45.狡猾可以运用,但不能滥用/57 Use, but do not abuse, cunning46.控制你的反感情绪/57 Master your antipathies47.避免“为荣誉而决斗”/59 Avoid “affairs of honour”48.做一个有深度的人至关重要/59 So much depends on being a person of depth49.明察善断/61 Observation and judgment 50.不失自尊/61 Never lose self-respect51.选择有道/63 Know how to choose well52.从不慌乱/63 Never be put out53.聪明且勤奋/65 Be diligent and intelligent54.懂得展示你的勇气/65 Know how to show your teeth55.善于等待/67 Wait56.随机应变/67 Have presence of mind57.慢且稳/69 Be slow and Sure58.恰当展现自己/69 Adapt yourself to your company59.要有完美的收场/71 Finish off well60.判断准确/71 A sound judgment61.卓越之处求卓越/73 To excel in what is excellent62.善其事必先利其器/73 Use good instruments63.抢先为上/75 To be the first of the kind is an excellence64.远离烦恼/77 Avoid worry65.培养高雅的品味/77 Elevated taste66.使结局完美/79 See that things end well67.选择能够获得殊荣的行业/81 Choose an occupation that wins distinction68.点拨其心智,胜于助其回忆/81 It is better to help with intelligence than with memory69.不要冲动行事/83 Do not give way to every common impulse70.学会拒绝/85 Know how to refuse71.不要左右摇摆/87 Do not vacillate72.要当机立断/87 Be resolute73.安然退避/89 Utilize slips74.与人为善/89 Do not be unsociable75.选择一位英雄作为偶像/91 Choose a heroic ideal76.不要总开玩笑/93 Do not always be jesting77.做人须八面玲珑/93 Be all things to all men78.做事有道/95 The art of undertaking things79.轻松快活的个性/95 A genial disposition80.获取信息要谨慎/97 Take care to get information81.勇于推陈出新/97 Renew your brilliance82.凡事无论好与坏,不要走极端/99 Drain nothing to the dregs, neither good nor ill83.容许自己有无伤大雅之过/99 Allow yourself some venial fault84.善用对手/101 Make use of your enemies85.不做无所不知之人/103 Do not be a wild card86.预防流言蜚语/103 Prevent scandal87.文明和高雅/105 Culture and elegance88.举止高贵大方/107 Let your behaviour be fine and noble89.了解自己/107 Know yourself90.长寿的秘密/109 The secret of long life91.对做某事审慎与否若有疑虑,就别着手去做/109 Never set to work at anything if you have any doubts of its prudence92.要有超凡的智慧/111 Transcendent wisdom93.多才多艺/111 Versatility94.让你的才能高深莫测/113 Keep the extent of your abilities unknown95.让人们保持对你的期望/113 Keep expectation alive96.至高无上的辨别力/113 The highest discretion97.赢得并维护美名/115 Obtain and preserve a reputation98.掩饰你的意图/115 Write your intentions in cypher99.本质与表象/117 Reality and appearance100.做一个清醒的人,智慧的信徒,贤能的臣子/117 Be a man without illusions, a wise christian, a philosophic courtier101.世上的一半人嘲笑另一半人,其实他们都是蠢人/119 One half of the world laughs at the other, and fools are they all102.天降大福需有大心胸消受/119 Be able to stomach big slices of luck103.让每人都保有尊严/121 Let each keep up his dignity104.明确不同工作的要求/123 Know the demands of different occupations105.勿遭人烦/123 Don’t be a bore106.勿炫耀你的地位/125 Do not parade your position107.勿自鸣得意/127 Show no self-satisfaction108.与人同行是成为伟人的捷径/129 The path to greatness is along with others109.不要吹毛求疵/129 Be not censorious110.不要坐以待毙/131 Do not wait till you are a sinking sun111.赢得朋友/131 Have friends112.博取他人的好感/133 Gain good-will113.未雨绸缪/135 In prosperity prepare for adversity114.避免与人相争/135 Never compete115.习惯熟人的缺点/137 Get used to the failings of your familiars116.只和可敬之人交往/137 Only act with honourable men117.决不谈论自己/139 Never talk about yourself118.要赢得谦恭有礼的名声/139 Acquire the reputation of courtesy119.避免惹人厌烦/141 Avoid becoming disliked120.生活讲求实际/143 Live practically121.不要小题大做/145 Do not make a business of what is no business122.言行应有威信/145 Distinction in speech and action123.避免矫揉造作/147 Avoid affectation124.要被他人想念/147 Get yourself missed125.不要成为污点记录簿/149 Do not be a black list126.愚蠢并非做了蠢事,而在于做后不知掩饰/151 Folly consists not in committing folly, but in not hiding it when committed127.凡是从容优雅/151 Grace in everything128.要有高远的志向/153 Highmindedness129.从不抱怨/153 Never complain130.要干,且要让人看见/155 Do and be seen doing131.慷慨大度/157 Nobility of feeling132.修正自己的判断/157 Revise your judgments133.宁可同醉,而不独醒/159 Better mad with the rest of the world than wise alone134.加倍储存你的资源/159 Double your resources135.不要滋长唱反调的习气/161 Do not nourish the spirit of contradiction136.抓住事情关键/163 Post yourself in the centre of things137.圣人自足/163 The sage should be self-sufficing138.任其自然的艺术/165 The art of letting things alone139.冷静面对倒霉的日子/165 Recognize unlucky days140.一眼看到事物好的一面/167 Find the good in a thing at once141.不要只倾听自己的声音/169 Do not listen to yourself142.当对手先站在正确的一方时,你不能固执地站在错误的一方/171 Never from obstinacy take the wrong side because your opponent has anticipated you in taking the right one143.别为免俗而玩弄诡辩之术/173 Never become paradoxical in order to avoid the trite144.开始于他人,受用于自己/173 Begin with another’s to end with your own145.藏好你受伤的手指/175 Do not show your wounded finger146.透过现象看本质/177 Look into the interior of things147.采纳他人的建议/177 Do not be inaccessible148.掌握谈话的艺术/179 Have the art of conversation149.懂得推罪于人/181 Know how to put off ills on others150.推销得法/181 Know how to get your price for things151.高瞻远瞩/183 Think beforehand152.不与令自己黯然失色之人为伍/185 Never have a companion who casts you in the shade153.不要去填补前人留下的巨大空缺/185 Beware of entering where there is a great gap to be filled154.不轻易相信,也不轻易喜欢/187 Do not believe, or like, lightly155.掌控激情的艺术/189 The art of mastering your passions156.选择你的朋友/189 Select your friends157.识人别出错/191 Do not make mistakes about character158.善用朋友/193 Make use of your friends159.忍受愚蠢/195 Put up with fools160.说话要谨慎/195 Be careful in speaking161.认清自身喜爱的缺点/197 Know your pet faults162.如何战胜对手和诽谤者/197 How to triumph over rivals and detractors163.决不因同情而卷入他人的不幸/199 Never, from sympathy with the unfortunate, involve yourself in his fate164.投石问路/201 Throw straws in the air165.斗争也要讲体面/201 Wage war honourably166.分辨善言者与善行者/203 Distinguish the man of words from the man of deeds167.知道怎样依靠自己/203 Know how to take your own part168.不要沦为愚蠢的怪物/205 Do not indulge in the eccentricities of folly169.多加小心,避免万一失手胜过百发百中/207 Be more careful not to miss once than to hit a hundred times170.凡事有所保留/207 In all things keep something in reserve171.不要滥用人情/209 Do not waste influence172.决不与一无所有者争斗/209 Never contend with a man who has nothing to lose173.与人相交,不要像玻璃般易碎,朋友间尤其如此/211 Do not be glass in intercourse, still less in friendship174.不要活在匆忙中/213 Do not live in a hurry175.做个实在的人/213 A solid man176.自知或从知者处知/215 Have knowledge, or know those that have knowledge177.避免与人太亲近/217 Avoid familiarities in intercourse178.信赖你的内心/217 Trust your heart179.缄默是才能的标志/219 Reticence is the seal of capacity180.决不被敌人误导/221 Never be guided by what your enemy has done …… ……295.若未奏效,不要邀功/359 Do not affect what you have not effected296.高贵的品质/361 Noble qualities297.行动总如处于监视中/361 Always act as if your acts were seen298.可造就非凡之人的三大要素/363 Three things go to a prodigy299.让人有饥饿感/363 Leave off hungry300.总而言之,做一位圣徒/365 In one word, be a saint
章节摘录
插图: 1.万物书局近极致万物已近极致,为人处世的艺术更是如此。当今若想成就一位智者,花费的工夫比造就希腊七贤还要多;现在要应付一个人,所需的智谋比从前应付整整一个民族还要多。2.品性与智慧品性与智慧,是组成人类才能的两个要素。要走向幸福生活,缺少哪一个都将半途而废。仅仅拥有智慧是不够的,还要有好的品性。蠢人的不幸,在于没有适合他的地位、职业、邻居与朋友圈子。3.做事时常留有悬念做事时常留有悬念。若你的成功出人意料,则更能受到钦佩。任何事若昭然若揭,都会让人感到索然无味。若不急于公开自己所做之事,就会使人期待。若你地位显赫,将更能引人注目。将任何事都染上一层神秘的色彩,正是神秘引起尊崇。即便是阐明情况,也不要过于直白,就像在日常交往中不会暴露自己真实的想法一样。谨慎地保持沉默是世间智慧之精髓。公开声明的决心从不会获得高的评价,只给他人的品头论足留下口实。若所行之事恰巧以失败收场,你就会遭受双重的打击。若想引人惊奇与注意,就向那些缄默的神灵学习吧。4.有识京应有胆有识亦应有胆,这是成为伟人的要素。知识与勇气是不朽的,同样可使人不朽。懂得多少,便有多伟大;若你学识渊博,则无事不可为。一个人无知,正如世界没有光明。慧与力量,就像双眼与双手。有识无胆者亦无所成。5.让别人依赖你让别人依赖你。神之所以为神,不在于人们装饰其雕像,而在于人们诚心诚意地崇拜它。智者宁愿他人时刻需要自己,而非感激自己。保持他人的希求是智慧的,期望别人的感激是愚蠢的;期盼让人牢记,而感激使人忘却。受人依赖,比受人恭敬更有益。人解了渴之后,往往转身离开井边,橘子一旦榨干,便会被人从金盘子中扔到垃圾筐里。当人们对你的依赖消失,良好的品行和尊敬也会随着消失。努力保持人们对你的渴求之心,且不使其得到完全满足,这是最重要的人生经验之一。此法让你变得不可或缺,甚至连王座上的君主也永远需要你。但是不要做得太过分,以免误入歧途,也不要为了一己之私而让别人陷入病入膏肓的绝境。6.至善至美的境界至善至美的境界。我们并非天生完美之人,因此应日求渐进,做到德业兼修,直至尽善尽美,禀赋圆成,成就非凡。完美与否,如何判断?这正是大家所常说的:品味是否纯正,头脑是否清醒,判断是否成熟,意志是否坚定。有些人从来达不到至善的境界,总是有所欠缺;另外一些人则大器晚成。完美的人,言辞中透出智慧,行事谨慎小心,会使贤达之人乐于与之为伍,甚至追随。7.不要比上司更耀眼不要比上司更耀眼。所有的成功都会引起嫉恨,若超过上司,更是愚蠢,甚至是致命的。优越者总是引起他人的憎恨,更别说超过位高权重之人。人要善于将自己的优势深藏不露。举个例子,姣好的面容可以用不经意的装束来遮掩。也许有人不在乎你有好的运气或是温良的秉性,但是没人会乐意:尤其是君主你在判断力上超过他,因为优秀的判断力是王者特有的能力,你一定要僭越,便是对其不敬。身为君主,自然希望在判断力这一最高贵之特质上远胜一筹。他们可以允许旁人辅佐,却不允许有人超越;要让他们采纳建议,就要像是帮他们回想起忘掉的东西,而不是指引他们去找其久寻不得之物。天上的星辰教会了我们这种愉快的处世策略:它们是太阳之子,并且与太阳一样光亮,却从不与太阳争辉。8.不被激情左右不被激情左右。这是最优秀的头脑才有的品质。这种优良品质使人免受短暂而低俗的冲动影响。没有什么驾驭能高于驾驭自身及自身之冲动:这是一种意志上的胜利。即便激情控制了你的脾气,也不要让它威胁你的地位;如果地位不低,你更需注意。这是避免丑闻的唯一坦途,也是重获荣誉的最短路径。9.避免土生土长的缺陷避免土生土长的缺陷。水流之品质受河床土质之好坏的影响,人之品性受出生之气候优劣的影响。有些人会比别人更受故乡的恩泽,因为那里天清气爽。任何国家(即便是最文明的国家)都有其独特的缺陷:正是这些缺陷,让别的国家聊以自慰或是小心防范。纠正自己的缺陷,或甚至隐藏起这些缺陷,是最明智的胜利。你在同胞中鹤立鸡群,就会赢得好的声誉,出人意料的成功总是更受钦佩。其他的缺陷则源自家庭、职位、职业和所处的时代。如果所有这些缺陷都体现在一个人身上,并且没被小心约束,那定会让他成为无法忍受的怿物。
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这样的书,仅仅读一遍显然是不够的,它是一本随时都能用上的书,简言之,它是一位终身伴侣。 ——叔本华 《智慧书》中所昭示的人生经验,直至今日仍能显示出无人能比的智慧与颖悟。 ——尼采 《智慧书》不可不与朋友、同事分享共赏,其中的箴言、警句鞭辟入里,帮助我们不被敌人、对手蒙于鼓里。 ——克里斯多夫?莫勒 《智慧书》在一定程度上兼有《君王论》的坦率和《孙子兵法》的高品位,它一方面使我们叹服其机智与完美的审慎态度,另一方面又使我们产生向善的心理。 ——北京大学教授 辜正坤
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《智慧书(中英双语典藏本)》自1647年问世以来,深受读者喜爱,历经几百年时光之淘洗而不衰.是人类思想史上最伟大的三部智慧奇书之一。在继《沉思录》、《道德情操论》之后,中央编译出版社推出的又一大师经典。比《君主论》更亲民,比《孙子兵法》更实用,比《道德经》更积极,比《厚黑学》更光明。
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