出版时间:2012-1 出版社:北京大学医学出版社有限公司 作者:霍尔 页数:1091 字数:2825000
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内容概要
自1956年第1版出版以来,《医学生理学》每5年修订1次,历经五十余年。现已成为世界范围内的权威生理学教科书。最新的第l2版依然延续了“用最简明的语言讲述生理学核心知识”的编写传统,并特别加入了近年来重要的最新进展,涉及心血管、神经、消化系统的生理学及分子生物学内容。第12版的另一特色是将学生“必须要掌握"和“最好能掌握”的知识进行区分,“最好能掌握”的内容以灰色阴影进行标示,以适应不同学生的需要,进一步提升了本书的易用性。
作者简介
作者:(美国)霍尔(John E.Hall)
书籍目录
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General
Physiology
Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle
The Heart
The Circulation
The Body fluids and kidneys
Respiration
Aviton,space,and deep-sea diving physiology
The Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory
Physiology
The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses
The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology
Gastrointestinal Physiology
Metabolism and Temperature Regulation
Endocrinology and Reproduction
Sports physiology
Index
章节摘录
版权页: 插图: Treatment of Decompensation. The decompen-sation process can often be stopped by (1) strengthen-ing the heart in any one of several ways, especially byadministration of a cardiotonic drug, such as digitalis,so that the heart becomes strong enough to pump ade-quate quantities of blood required to make the kidneysfunction normally again, or (2) administering diureticdrugs to increase kidney excretion while at the same timereducing water and salt intake, which brings about a bal-ance between fluid intake and output despite low cardiacoutput. Both methods stop the decompensation process by re-establishing normal fluid balance so that at least as muchfluid leaves the body as enters it. Mechanism of Action of the Cardiotonic DrugsSuch as Digitalis. Cardiotonic drugs, such as digitalis,when administered to a person with a healthy heart,have little effect on increasing the contractile strengthof the cardiac muscle. However, when administered to aperson with a chronically failing heart, the same drugscan sometimes increase the strength of the failing myo-cardium as much as 50 to 100 percent. Therefore, theyare one of the mainstays of therapy in chronic heartfailure. Digitalis and other cardiotonic glycosides arebelieved to strengthen heart contractions by increasingthe quantity of calcium ions in muscle fibers. This effectis likely due to inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPasein cardiac cell membranes. Inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump increases intracellular sodium concen-tration and slows the sodium-calcium exchange pump,which extrudes calcium from the cell in exchange forsodium. Because the sodium-calcium exchange pumprelies on a high sodium gradient across the cell mem-brane, accumulation of sodium inside the cell reducesits activity. In the failing heart muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticu-lum fails to accumulate normal quantities of calciumand, therefore, cannot release enough calcium ions intothe free-fluid compartment of the muscle fibers to causefull contraction of the muscle. The effect of digitalis todepress the sodium-calcium exchange pump and raisecalcium ion concentration in cardiac muscle provides theextra calcium needed to increase the muscle contractileforce. Therefore, it is usually beneficial to depress the cal-cium pumping mechanism a moderate amount using dig-italis, allowing the muscle fiber intracellular calcium levelto rise slightly.
编辑推荐
《国外经典医学教材改编影印系列•双语教材:医学生理学(第12版)(供医学各专业本科生、留学生、长学制、研究生双语教学使用)》本着“用最简明的语言讲述生理学核心知识”的原则编写,特别加入了近年来重要的最新进展,涉及心血管、神经、消化系统的生理学及分子生物学内容。
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