英语口语教程

出版时间：1970-1  出版社：华中科技大学出版社  作者：Marion Wyse，黄滔，常俊跃 著  页数：168  
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前言

　　随着我国英语教育的快速发展，英语专业长期贯彻的“以技能为导向”的课程建设理念及教学理念已经难以满足社会的需要。专家和教师们密切关注的现行英语专业教育大、中、小学英语教学脱节，语言、内容教学割裂，单纯语言技能训练过多，专业内容课程不足，学科内容课程系统性差，高、低年级内容课程安排失衡及其导致的学生知识面偏窄、知识结构欠缺、思辨能力偏弱、综合素质发展不充分等问题日益凸显。　　针对上述问题，我们依托国家哲学社会科学项目“英语专业基础阶段内容依托式教学改革研究”。以内容依托教学理论为指导理论，确定了如下改革思路。　　（一）更新语言教学理念，改革英语专业教学的课程结构。在不改变专业总体培养目标和教学时限的前提下，对课程结构进行革命性的变革：改变传统单一的语言技能课程模式，实现内容课程与语言课程的融合，扩展学生的知识面，提高学生的语言技能。　　（二）开发课程自身潜力。同步提高专业知识和语言技能。内容依托课程本身也同时关注内容和语言，把内容教学和语言教学有机结合。以英语为媒介，系统教授专业内容；以专业内容为依托，在使用语言过程中提高语言技能，扩展学生的知识面。　　（三）改革教学方法手段。全面提高语言技能和综合素质。依靠内容依托教学在方法上的灵活性，通过问题驱动、输出驱动等方法调动学生主动学习，把启发式、任务式、讨论式、结对子、小组活动、课堂发表等行之有效的活动与学科内容教学有机结合，提高学生的语言技能，激发学生的兴趣，培养学生的自主性和创造性，提升思辨能力和综合素质。　　本项改革突破了我国英语专业英语教学大纲规定的课程结构，改变了英语专业基础阶段通过开设单纯的听、说、读、写四种语言技能课提高学生语言技能的传统课程建设理念，对英语课程及教学方法进行了创新性的改革。首创了英语专业基础阶段具有我国特色的内容、语言融合的课程体系；率先开发了适合英语专业基础阶段的内容依托课程；系统开发了英语国家历史、地理、社会文化、欧洲文化、中国文化、跨文化交际、《圣经》与文化、功能英语交际、情景英语交际、英语演讲与辩论等教材，以崭新的途径实现英语专业教育的总体培养目标。　　经过七年的酝酿、准备、实验，教学改革取得了鼓舞人心的结果。　　（一）构建了英语专业基础阶段内容依托课程与语言课程融合的课程体系。新的课程体系改变了传统单一的听、说、读、写语言技能课程模式，实现了内容依托课程和语言技能课程两种模块的融合；课程包含综合英语、听力、语音、写作、功能英语交际、情景英语交际、英语演讲与辩论、英国历史文化、英国自然人文地理、英国社会文化、美国历史文化、美国自然人文地理、美国社会文化、澳新加社会文化、欧洲文化、中国文化、跨文化交际、《圣经》与文化；语言技能课程密切关注英语语言技能的发展，内容依托课程不仅关注系统的学科内容，而且也关注综合语言技能的培养。在课程外和课程内两个层面把内容教学和语言教学有机结合，通过内容教学培养学生综合语言运用能力，扩展学生的知识面，提高学生的综合素质和多元文化意识，从根本上改变英语专业学生知识面偏窄、综合素质偏低的问题。

内容概要

　　《英语口语教程4：英语演讲与辩论2》主要有以下几个方面的优势和特点。1.注重修辞理念：演讲是修辞最直接、最精华的体现和成果。然而，中外对比修辞研究的最新成果表明，中国学生在演讲稿中所表现出的修辞取向与英语的修辞取向存在较大差异，尤其体现在语篇模式建构上。因此，本套教材在Knowledge Input部分着重帮助学习者理解英、汉语篇修辞的差异，引导学习者遵循英语演讲的修辞模式进行语篇建构和观点陈述，从而提升演讲的修辞价值，提升其说服力和感染力。　　2.强调语言输入：本教材中的Lexical Power Build-Up部分为学习者提供了大量实用性很强的预置语块，适用于各种类型的演讲场合和演讲目的。这些语块的选择是以英语演讲修辞理念为基础的，所以对语块的操练和运用不仅能提升学习者的语言能力，而且能进一步深化对修辞思想的理解，使学习者的演讲风格更加趋近英语演讲修辞的要求。　　3.练习多种多样：本教材在Comprehensive Practice中为教师和学习者设计了不同层次、不同目的、不同形式的练习。练习主要以口语形式完成，包括即时理解能力训练、批判性思维训练、语言运用能力训练、演讲和辩论训练、团队合作训练等。这些练习目的明确，具有很强的操作性和娱乐性，教师和学习者可以根据实际情况选择使用，实现在经历中学习，获得最佳的学习效果。　　4.优质素材输入：本教材中选用的演讲范例和名篇兼顾各种类型、各种风格，具有很强的时效性和针对性，从质量和数量上均能满足各种学习层次的学习者的需求。

书籍目录

Part Three　Polishing Speaking SkillsUnit 17　Narrative Speech with ExamplesUnit 18　Audience-Centred SpeechesUnit 19　Speech Topics and PlansUnit 20　Logos-Rational AppealUnit 21　Pathos-Emotional AppealUnit 22　Ethos-Credibility AppealUnit 23　Persuasive Speeches on Questions of ValueUnit 24　Rhetoric for Public Policy SpeechesPart Four　English Speaking ContestUnit 25　Prepared Speech in English Speaking ContestsUnit 26　Impromptu Speech in English Speaking ContestsUnit 27　Q & A in English Speaking ContestsPart Five　Debating SkillsUnit 28　Basics of DebateUnit 29　Evidence for DebateUnit 30　Logic in DebateUnit 31　Questioning and Team Skills in DebateUnit 32　Parliamentary Debate参考文献

章节摘录

　　Order of importance- saving the best for last： Often， when you are developing a topic sentence with examples and details， one of the examples is more impressive than the others. Since audiences generally remember what they hear last， and since it is a good idea to leave a good impression on the audience， it is wise to place the most impressive example at the end of the paragraph. Study the following part of a speech， and note that the last example is the most startling one.　　A search through etymologies will reveal some examples of words which have narrowed in meaning since their early days.　Barbarian was originally a vague designation for a foreigner of any kind; garage， when it was borrowed from France ，meant "a place for storage. " In the United States， lumber has specialized to mean timber or sawed logs especially prepared for use，" but in Britain the word still retain sits more generally meaning of " unused articles ".　... Perhaps the most startling specialization has taken place with the word girl; even as late as Chaucer s time， it was used to mean "a young person of either sex" ！　　Order of familiarity——from the more familiar to the less familiar： When the detail sin the expository paragraph are mostly factual， it is common to begin with the most obvious or familiar detail and move toward the less obvious or less familiar detail. This is the pattern of the following paragraph about the expense of smoking cigarettes. The writer begins with details that most people would consider when thinking about expense： the price. Then the writer discusses the less obvious or familiar expense of smoking cigarettes： the cleaning. Read the paragraph and note how the writer connects the more obvious expense to the less obvious expense.　　Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit. Considering that the average price per pack of cigarettes is about $ 2.50， people who smoke two packs of cigarettes a day spend $ 5 per day on their habit. But the cost of cigarettes is not the only expense cigarettes mokers incur. Since cigarette smoke has an offensive odor that permeates clothing ，stuffed furniture and carpeting， smokers often find that they must have these items cleaned more frequently than nonsmokers do. This hidden expense does contribute to making cigarette smoking an expensive habit.　　Order of time ——from the past to the present： When the details and examples in a paragraph are taken from history or are events that have taken place in the past， it is often a good idea to order the examples according to chronology.