出版时间:2010-10 出版社:外语教学与研究出版社 作者:李仙旭 页数:660
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前言
Scientists have long used genetic and archaeological evidence to determine the earlymigration of the human race. By studying bones, tools, and other fragments, scientistshave been able to trace to some extent how early humans migrated to Europe and CentralAsia from Africa. The archaeological find at Kostenski, a group of twenty-five upperPaleolithic sites on the Don River in Russia have revealed tools and implements dated42,000 to 45,000 years old. The discovery and subsequent analysis of a South Africanskull found several decades ago led some anthropologists to confirm that migration toEurasia took place between 65,000 and 25,000 years ago and that migration to Europefrom 45,000 to 35,000 years ago.Genetic studies have served to more accurately determine the routes that the migrationfrom Africa took. Modern humans, or bipedal primates belong to the mammalian speciesand possess a highly developed brain with the capacity to reason, introspect, anddevelop and use languages. They first lived in East Africas Great Rift Valley that runsthrough Kenya and Ethiopia. From this area, early Homo sapiens migrated toward theMiddle East and Europe, reaching as far as Russia, as verified by the African skull. At thetime one group of modern humans were making their way across Europe and thriving inspite of the bitter cold, another group pushed down toward the very tip of Asia. Someof them settled in the islands of Southeast Asia. Movement toward Australia took place40,000 years ago. Those that moved northeastward to Siberia crossed the Bering LandBridge to populate North America about 13,500 years ago.
内容概要
本书是“新托福考试高分突破”系列的阅读分册,对新托福阅读考试题型、解题技巧和相关背景知识作了系统而全面的介绍。书中还提供了大量习题及两套阅读模拟试题,附赠学习指导手册,提供全部习题答案和阅读文章的译文,配套CD-ROM光盘中另外收录两套模拟试题,能够帮助考生循序渐进地提高新托福阅读考试能力。
书籍目录
新托福考试高分突破之阅读:
Chapter 01 Question Types 第一章 题型
Unit 01 Rhetorical Purpose 第一单元 判断意图题
Unit 02 Vocabulary 第二单元 词汇题
Unit 03 Reference 第三单元 指代关系题
Unit 04 Deiailed Facts 第四单元 细节题
Unit 05 Negative Facts 第五单元 错误信息题
Unit 06 Inference 第六单元 推理题
Unit 07 Sentence Sireplifiqation 第七单元 句子简化题
Unit 08 Insert Text 第八单元 句子插入题
Unit 09 Prose Summary 第九单元 文意总结题
Unit 10 Schematic Table 第十单元 信息归类题
Chapter 02 Topic Practice 第二章 话题演练
Topic 01 Botany 话题01 植物学
Topic 02 Zoology 话题02 动物学
Topic 03 Astronomy 话题03 天文学
Topic 04 Geology&Geography 话题04 地质学和地理学
Topic 05 Oceanography 话题05 海洋学
Topic 06 Archeology 话题06 考古学
Topic 07 History 话题07 历史
Topic 08 Famous Americans 话题08 美国名人
Topic 09 FineArts 话题09 艺术
Topic 10 Literature 话题10 文学
Topic 11 Music 话题11 音乐
Topic 12 Architecture 话题12 建筑
Topic 13 Chemistry 话题13 化学
Topic 14 Ecology 话题14 生态学
Topic 1 5 Sociology&Psychology 话题15 社会学和心理学
Chapter 03 Actual Tests 第三章 模拟试题
Actual Test 01模拟试题01
Actual Test 02模拟试题02
Actual Test 03
Actual Test 04
新托福考试高分突破之阅读学习指导:
第一章 题型
第二章 话题演练
第三章 模拟试题
章节摘录
Animal communication is very similar to that of humans insome ways. It can be vocal, visual, or tactile. Some animalsuse chemicals to communicate, which humans are virtuallyincapable of. Animal "language" is obviously not as complexas the human language, yet only a few species do have anetwork of communication that is both comprehensive andfar-reaching. One such species is the elephant. Elephantsuse a sophisticated system made up of all four forms ofcommunication.Research into elephant communication has made certainconclusions as to the reasons for the complexity. The socialsystem of elephants is unusually intricate, necessitating amore complex level of communication. A hierarchy doesnot exist; however, there is a social structure where certainmembers of the group communicate with each other. Theyappear to cooperate with a leader, who has been observedto be the matriarch. Physically, the brain of the elephant islarge enough to allow the animals to have more complexthoughts and a greater capacity for the storage of memories.Finally, elephants have a longer lifespan and have collectedenough knowledge about life and their surroundings.
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