英语写作手册（中文版）

出版时间：1997-6  出版社：外语教学与研究出版社  作者：丁往道（主编）  页数：430  
Tag标签：无  

内容概要

丁往道主编的《英语写作手册》这本书将带给你专业的写作指导和帮助，因为它是根据实际教学中积累的材料编写而成。全书共分10章，就文稿格式、选词、造句，到整篇作文、研究论文和书信、简历等的写法都有所讲述，既可自学，又可备查。

作者简介

　　丁往道教授，1924年生。安徽无为人。1946年毕业于四川大学外语系。1949年起历任北京外国语学院（现北京外国语大学）英语系助教、讲师、副教授、教授。1986～1987年任美国西华盛顿大学客座教授。1987～1990年任北京外国语学院培训部主任。1991～1992年任俄罗斯莫斯科语言大学客座教授。曾任中国语言教学研究会秘书长等职。著有《英语句子结构与动词用法详解》、《英语写作手册》、《英语文体学引论》、《中国神话及志怪小说一百篇》、《英诗入门》、〖WTBX〗Understanding Confucius〖WT〗。1993年担任中央电大英语写作课程教材《英语写作基础教程》主编。

书籍目录

致教师
致学习者
第一章 文稿格式
　Ⅰ 安排
　Ⅱ 移行
　Ⅲ 大写
　Ⅳ 标点
　Ⅴ 书法
　练习
第二章 用词
　Ⅰ 词的类型
　Ⅱ 词义
　Ⅲ 一般词汇和具体词汇
　Ⅳ 习语
　Ⅴ 修辞格
　　1.明喻
　　2.隐喻
　　3.拟人
　　4.换喻
　　5.提喻
　　6.婉言
　　7.反语
　　8.夸大和缩小
　　9.移位修饰
　　10.矛盾修饰
　　11.头韵
　Ⅵ 词典
　　1.词典的用处
　　2.几部好词典
　练习
第三章 造句
　Ⅰ 完整句和不完整句
　Ⅱ 句子的类型
　　1.陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
　　2.简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句
　　3.松散句、圆周句和对偶句
　　4.短句和长句
　Ⅲ 好的句子
　　1.完整
　　2.连贯
　　3.简洁
　　4.强调
　　5.多样
　练习
第四章 段落
　Ⅰ 好的段落
　　1.完整
　　2.连贯
　　3.过渡
　Ⅱ 段落的展开法
　　1.段落的设计
　　2.按时间展开
　　3.按过程展开
　　4.按空间展开
　　5.举例和归纳
　　6.类比和对比
　　7.原因和结果
　　8.分类
　　9.定义
　　10.几种方法的结合
　练习
第五章　完整的作文
　I.写作步骤
　　1.总体规划
　　2.提纲类型
　　3.打初稿
　　4.修订初稿
　　5.誊写定稿
　Ⅱ.组织结构
　　1.原则
　　2.开篇
　　3.结尾
　Ⅲ.文章类型
　　1.描写文
　　2.记叙文
　　3.说明文
　　（1）举例说明文
　　（2）分解与分类说明文
　　（3）类比与对比说明文
　　（4）因果说明文
　　（5）定义说明文
　　4.议论文
　练习
第六章　摘要和读书报告
　I.摘要
　　1.摘要的用途
　　2.写作程序
　Ⅱ.读书报告
　练习
第七章　正式和非正式文体
　I.文体的涵义
　Ⅱ.正式和非正式文体
　练习
第八章　论文
　I.步骤
　　1.选题
　　2.收集资料
　　3.分析资料、构思、制定提纲
　　4.撰写初稿
　　5.修改、定稿
　Ⅱ.格式
　　1.论文结构
　　2.引文的使用
　　3.注释的使用
　　4.书目
　Ⅲ.范文
第九章　应用文
　I.布告、通知
　Ⅱ.致意、问候、祝贺、祝愿、吊唁等
　　1.致意
　　2.祝愿
　　3.祝贺
　　4.吊唁
　Ⅲ.便条
　　1.约会
　　2.道歉
　　3.非正式邀请
　　4.请求
　　5.致谢
　　6.留言
　Ⅳ.书信
　　1.格式
　　2.语言
　　3.信封的写法
　V.履历
　练习
第十章　标点符号
　I.逗号（，）
　Ⅱ.句号（。）
　Ⅲ.分号（；）
　Ⅳ.冒号（：）
　V.问号（？）
　Ⅵ.感叹号（！）
　Ⅶ.引号（“”或‘　’）
　Ⅷ.圆括号（（））
　Ⅸ.方括号（[　]）
　X.破折号（——）
　Ⅺ.斜线（／）
　Ⅻ.斜体字和字下线
批改／校对符号
参考书目

章节摘录

　　英语词汇极多：《牛津英语词典》收了四十多万个词。当然并没有人认识或需要使用这么多词。常人为了一般的目的只用其中很小的一部分。学习用英语写作的学生应先学会使用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。有时初学者会误用一些词，但他用的词往往并不全错，只是不恰当、不准确、不地道、或不生支有趣。因而对选词的方法有基本的了解是会有帮助的。　　Ⅰ.文体的涵义　　各种各样的文章和作品，诸如故事、法律文件以及私人信件，有许多共同点。它们都使用普通词汇，遵守同样的词法和句法规则，并按照常规使用标点符号。换句话说，如果不使用英语的共核，任何人都写不出英语文章，甚至也说不出能让人理解的英语。　　但不同类型的文章还是有差别的。例如，私人信件总是用短而简单的甚至不完整的句子，所用的词汇大多数是日常谈话中用的浅易词汇，其中可能还有俚语。而法律文件就不同了：大多数句子长而复杂，多数词属多音节的大词，其中还夹杂些一般人难以理解的专门术语。　　语言的这种特殊现象就是文体特征。“文体”(style)这个词有几层意思：它可以指一个作家习惯的或特有的使用语言的方式，也可指某一时期语言的最普遍的特点，还可指某一种文章的语言特色。style这个词还表示文雅的风格，例如人们有时说“He has no style”，就是说文章写得不好。　　2. Colorful, Colored, and Colorless Words　　The writer builds with words, and no builder uses a raw material more slippery and elusive and treacherous. A writers work is a constant struggle to get the right word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe himor startle or amuse him. He never succeeds altogether--sometimes he feels that he scarcely succeeds at　　all--but such successes as he has are what make the thing worth doing.　　There is no book of rules for this game. One progresses through everlasting experiment on the basis of ever-widening experience. There are few useful generalizations that one can make about words as words, but there are perhaps a few.　　Some words are what we call "colorful." By this we mean that they are calculated to produce a picture or induce an emotion. They are dressy instead of plain, specific instead of general, loud instead of soft. Thus, in placeof "Her heart beat," we may write "Hex heart pounded,throbbed, fluttered, danced." Instead of "He sat in his chair," we may say, "He lounged, sprawled, coiled."Instead of "It was hot," we may say, "It was blistering,sultry, muggy, suffocating, steaming, wilting."　　However, it should not be supposed that the fancy word is always better. Often it is as well to write "Her heart beat" or "It was hot" if that is all it did or all it was.Ages differ in how they like their prose. The nineteenth century liked it rich and smoky. The twentieth has usually preferred it lean and ecol. The twentieth century writer,like all writers, is forever seeking the exact word, but he is wary of sounding feverish. He tends to pitch it low, to understate it, to throw it away. He knows that if he gets too colorful, the audience is likely to giggle.　　See how this strikes you:"As the rich, golden glow of the sunset died away along the eternal western hills,Angelas limpid blue eyes looked softly and trustingly into Montagues flashing brown ones, and her heart pounded like a drum in time with the joyous song surging in her soul." Some people like that sort of thing, but most modem readers would say, "Good grief," and turn on the television.　　Some words we would call not so much colorful as colored--that is, loaded with associations, good or bad.All words--except perhaps structure words--have associations of some sort. We have said that the meaning of a word is the sum of the contexts in which it occurs. When we hear a word, we, hear with it an echo of all the situations in which we have heard it before.　　In some words, these echoes are obvious and discussable. The word mother for example, has, for most people, agreeable associations. When you hear mother you probably think of home, safety, love, food, and various other pleasant things. If one writes, "She was like a mother to me," he gets an effect which he would not get in "She was like an aunt to me." The advertiser makes use of the. associations of mother by working it in when he talks about his product. The politician works it in when he talks about himself.　　So also with such words as home, liberty, fireside,contentment, patriot, tenderness, sacrifice, childlike,manly, bluff,　limpid. All of these words, are loaded with favorable associations that would be rather hard to indicate in a straightforward definition. Thereis more than a literal difference between "They sat around the fireside."and "They sat around the stove." They might have been　　equally warm and happy around the stove, but fireside suggests leisure, grace, quiettradition, congenial company, and stove does not.　　Conversely,　some words　have　bad　associations.Mother suggests pleasant things, but mother-in-law does not. Many mothers-in-law are heroically lovable and some mothers drink gin all day and beat their children insensible, but these facts of life are beside the point. The thing is that mother sounds good and mother-in-law does not.　　Or consider the word intellectual. This would seem to be a complimentary term, but inpoint of fact it is not,for it has picked up associations of impracticality and ineffectuality and general dopiness. So also with such-words as liberal, reactionary,　communist, socialist,　capitalist,radical, schoolteacher, truck driver, undertaker,operator, salesman, huckster, speculator. These convey　　meanings on the literal level,　but beyond that--sometimes, in some places--they convey contempt on the part of the speaker.　　The question of whether to use loaded words or not depends on what is being written.　The scientist,　the scholar, try to avoid them; for the poet, the advertising writer, the public speaker, they are standard equipment.But every writer should take care that they do not substitute for thought. If you write, "Anyone who thinks that is nothing but a socialist ( or communist or capitalist )" you have said nothing except that you dont like people who think that, and such remarks are effective only with the most naive readers. It is always a bad: mistake to think your readers are more naive than they really are.　　But probably most student writers come to griefnot with words that are colorful or those that are colored but with those that have no color at all. A pet example is nice, a word we Would find it hard to dispense with in casual conversation but which is no longer capable of adding much to a description. Colorless words are those of such general meaning that in a particular sentence they mean nothing. Slang adjectives, like cool ("Thats real cool"),tend to explode all over the language. They are applied to everything, lose their original force, and quickly die.　　Beware also of nouns of very general meaning, like circumstances, cases, instances, aspects, factors, relationships, attitudes, eventualities, etc. In most circumstances you will find that those cases of writing which contain too many .instances of words like these will in this　　and other aspects have factors, leading to unsatisfactory relationships with the reader resulting in unfavorable attitudes on his part and perhaps other eventualities, like a grade of "D." Notice also what "etc." means. It means　　"Id like to make this list longer, but I cant think of any more examples."　　--Paul Roberts　　3. What We Want from Sports　　Students in our school have one thing in common--an interest in sports. According to their different intentions in taking part in sports, they fall into three groups.　　Many students go to the playground when they feel tired after a few hours of study. These students put much more stress on their study efficiency than the fun of sports. They just want to go back to their classrooms from the playground with a clearer and quicker mind. Thus they dont actually care whether they can enjoy themselves on the playground. Most of them choose long-distance running, the kind of exercise which few real sports enthusiasts like. So this group of students can be well labelled as study-oriented participants.　　Students that make up the second group are real sports lovers. Sometimes they even put aside their studies for a match. They take part in the sport that interests them most, not caring whether it is most beneficial to their health. They may be called fun-oriented sports participants.　　The third group want beauty from sports. Boys want to become Strong; girls want to be slim and graceful. Those who consider sports the only way of reducing　　weight also belong to this group. They are very careful in choosing the kind of exercise they do, and are afraid that certain sports may ruin their figures. Horizontal bars and parallel bars are the boys choice, and the hula hoop is now　　the girls favorite. The appropriate name for this group may be beauty-oriented sports participants.　　No matter which group we belong to, we all benefit from sports. If you look around the campus, you will find that bookworms have disappeared, and, instead, there are healthy, strong, clever, modernized students everywhere.　　——Student

媒体关注与评论

　　中文版前言　　《英语写作手册》初版于1984年，是根据英语写作课实际教学中积累的材料编写而成的。出版后颇受读者欢迎，曾多次重印。该书不仅被很多大学用作英语专业教材，而且被许多翻译工作者和英语自学者用作参考书。1994年出了修订版，对全书内容做了很大程度的修改和补充，使它能更好地满足教学和自学的需要。　　本书原用英语写成。随着学习和使用英语的人日益增多，我们不断收到要求出一个中文版的来信。这个要求是合理的，因为非英语专业的学生可能希望提高用英语写作的能力，但不一定需要学会有关写作的英语说法和用英语讨论作品。所以我们将全书的讲解部分译为中文，在个别地方也做了修改和补充，保留了英语例句、例段和范文，从而编成这个中文版。　　全书共分10章，就文稿格式、选词、造句，到整篇作文、研究论文和书信、简历等的写法都有所讲述。我们希望这本书对各专业和学生和愿意学习英语写作的工作者都会有所帮助。　　对使用本书的师生和朋友，我们建议先通读一遍，以了解各章的内容，再结合自己的需要，细读有关的章节。例如想知道学位论文或研究报告怎样写，有什么规格上的要求，即可细读第八章。又如想知道逗号、句号等究竟应放在引号内还是引号外，便可查阅第十章第Ⅶ节。　　我们热忱欢迎使用本书的师生和各界朋友提出批评意见，以便我们今后修订时参考。

用户评论 (总计42条)

•   书的质量和内容都非常好！！！非常喜欢，因为我是英语专业的，我们的教材是这本书的英文版，不过由于学时有限，老师没能很全面地讲解这本书，但是这本书对于想有较高写作水平的同学有非常大的帮助，是正规的英文写作知道范本，当然英文版的有一定难度，有时不好理解，所以我买了这本中文的，他的讲解部分是中文，全面、简洁、易懂，而例子是原书的英文例子，因为是教写英语作文么，所以例子必须用英文，例子很好懂，理论明白就学好80%了，强烈推荐！！！
•   对英语写作很有帮助
•   刚拿到，随便翻了下，内容还是不错的，期待能对写作有所帮助。
•   非英语专业其实不要买，自己看很难，就是买了闲着看
•   适合英语专业学生
•   mti写作的宝典，一本在手，文章就有！
•   书有一些褶皱,不过不影响使用,很好的写作用书
•   出自外研社大师之手，精辟简练。写作不是一朝一夕的事情，书不在多，取经则鸣！
•   感觉毕竟是一本教材，自学起来还是有点难度。
•   刚收到,还没有仔细看,书很新.
•   这本书非常满意，很不错，很实用
•   总算拿到这本书了，很喜欢，很好 。
•   终于在当当网找到这本书啦，老师推荐的，很好。感谢当当网
•   不错哦。。挺好的
•   比英文版的简明易懂多了
•   纸张不错，封面不错，内容不错，实用性不错
•   比想象的厚，挺好的，美中不足的是一些练习没有答案。
•   fabulous。。。。。
•   买来上课用得，还没看呢
•   速度好快 正版书 纸张很不错
•   别人推荐的，不错的书
•   1.内容丰富翔实，最重要的是中文解释准确具体到位
  2.中文翻译非常精确，化繁琐为精典，神奇！。
  3.价格合理，书是绝对正版！
  4.送货速度很快，发票很正规！
  5.感谢当当网，省时省力又省钱！
  6.祝当当网生意越来越红火！广大和我一样的学生学习进步！
•   讲解部分还行 但不是很多 也不算特别细致 练习比较多 总体不错
•   内容够充实，很有启发性！老师推荐买的书哈！
•   　　或许因为我孤陋寡闻井底之蛙写作水平差，我觉得这本书是英文写作入门的极品。虽然是三块钱从旧书店捡来的，虽然前一个读者把此书画的乱七八糟，但我依然看的津津有味。
  　　　　这书就是告诉读者英文写作的基本方法，从基本规则到词、句、段、全文、然后讲了一些特殊文体。作者的叙述精练连贯突出重点，例子丰富准确有趣，非常值得初学者仔细看。
  　　　　总的感觉就是这几个作者是真的想写一本好的作文书，而且的确做到了。
•   英语专业的读这本书最不错了，很规范，嫩补充老师上课没讲过的内容
•   正版的哟。只是有点小脏。内容还不错，只是写作练习，没有参考例文，有点失望
•   书到的很快，内容很丰富很细致，适合英语爱好者
•   书应该是挺经典的了，还是专业教材...不过没什么耐心看...另外这本书有很多个版本，价钱相差还不少，让人挑的时候犯愁
•   中文版，比较实用
•   喜欢 这本还行 像新的
•   我会好好研究的
•   很有启发作用的一本书，值得一看
•   粗略看了一下，应该还是不错的
•   好书，只是我现在不需要了
•   仔细研读 看过英文版的 很有用
•   看同学买过才买的
•   书本发现印刷错误，练习题没有答案
•   我是 英语专业的，这本书对我挺有帮助的
•   还不错，很详细，就是习题没附答案，没得对照……
•   内容很好，但是字体太小，建议视力不好的朋友不要买这个版本，买第二版比较好。另外，这个版本的练习没有答案，第二版的练习有答案。我视力不太好，所以还是多花十几块钱买第二版。
•   原以为是那种比较详细的写作辅导,如果是在大学学这个专业的还是可以用的,如果是初级水平千万别买啦
  
  书本设计有些单调