社会契约论

出版时间：2010-10  出版社：世界图书出版公司  作者：卢梭  页数：89  
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内容概要

《英文学术名著:社会契约论》是全英文版。如果要评定影响人类历史的一百部经典，卢梭的《社会契约论》必定榜上有名；如果只评定十部这样的经典，《社会契约论》同样不会名落孙山。处在革命时代的各国资产阶级把它当作福音书，天赋人权的思想至今仍然深刻地影响着这个世界。

书籍目录

1 BOOK Ⅰ  1.1 THE SUBJECT OF THE FIRST BOOK  1.2 THE FIRST SOCIETIES  1.3 THE RIGHT OF THE STRONGEST  1.4 SLAVERY  1.5 THAT WE MUST ALWAYS GO BACK TO A FIRST CONVENTION  1.6 THE SOCIAL COMPACT  1.7 THE SOVEREIGN  1.8 THE CIVIL STATE  1.9 REAL PROPERTYBOOK Ⅱ  2.1 THAT SOVEREIGNTY IS INALIENABLE  2.2 THAT SOVEREIGNTY IS INDIVISIBLE  2.3 WHETHER THE GENERAL WILL IS FALLIBLE  2.4 THE LIMITS OF THE SOVEREIGN POWER  2.5 THE RIGHT OF LIFE AND DEATH  2.6 LAW  2.7 THE LEGISLATOR  2.8 THE PEOPLE  2.9 THE PEOPLE （continued）  2.10 THE PEOPLE （continued）  2.11 THE VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF LEGISLATION  2.12 THE DIVISION OF THE LAWSBOOK Ⅲ  3.1 GOVERNMENT IN GENERAL  3.2 THE CONSTITUENT PRINCIPLE IN THE VARIOUS FORMS OF GOVERNMENT  3.3 THE DIVISION OF GOVERNMENTS  3.4 DEMOCRACY  3.5 ARISTOCRACY  3.6 MONARCHY  3.7 MIXED GOVERNMENTS  3.8 THAT ALL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT DO NOT SUIT ALL COUNTRIES  3.9 THE MARKS OF A GOOD GOVERNMENT  3.10 THE ABUSE OF GOVERNMENT AND ITS TENDENCY TO DEGENERATE  3.11 THE DEATH OF THE BODY POLITIC  3.12 HOW THE SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY MAINTAINS ITSELF  3.13 HOW THE SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY MAINTAINS ITSELF （continued）  3.14 HOW THE SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY MAINTAINS ITSELF （continued）  3.15 DEPUTIES OR REPRESENTATIVES  3.16 THAT THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT IS NOT A CONTRACT  3.17 THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT  3.18 HOW TO CHECK THE USURPATIONS OF GOVERNMENTBOOK Ⅳ  4.1 THAT THE GENERAL WILL IS INDESTRUCTIBLE  4.2 VOTING  4.3 ELECTIONS  4.4 THE ROMAN COMITIA  4.5 THE TRIBUNATE  4.6 THE DICTATORSHIP  4.7 THE CENSORSHIP  4.8 CIVIL RELIGION  4.9 CONCLUSION

章节摘录

　　But， as men cannot engender new forces， but only unite and direct existing ones， they have no other means of preserving themselves than the formation， by aggregation， of a sum of forces great enough to overcome the resistance. These they have to bring into play by means of a single motive power， and cause to act in concert.　　This sum of forces can arise only where several persons come together： but， as the force and liberty of each man are the chief instruments of his self-preservation， how can he pledge them without harming his own interests， and neglecting the care he owes to himself？ This difficulty， in its bearing on my present subject， may be stated in the following terms：　　"The problem is to find a form of association which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate， and inwhich each， while uniting himself with all， may still obey himself alone， and remain as free as before." This is the fundamental problem of which the Social Contract provides the solution.　　The clauses of this contract are so determined by the nature of the act that the slightest modification would make them vain and ineffective; so that， although they have perhaps never been formally set forth， they are everywhere the same and everywhere tacitly admitted and recognised， until， on the violation of the social compact， each regains his original rights and resumes his natural liberty， while losing the conventional liberty in favour of which he renounced it.　　These clauses， properly understood， may be reduced to one - the total alienation of each associate， together with all his rights， to the whole community; for， in the first place， as each gives himself absolutely， the conditions are the same for all; and， this being so， no one has any interest in making them burdensome to others.　　Moreover， the alienation being without reserve， the union is as perfect as it can be， and no associate has anything more to demand： for， if the individuals retained certain rights， as there would be no common superior to decide between them and the public， each， being on one point his own judge， would ask to be so on all; the state of nature would thus continue， and the association would necessarily become inoperative or tyrannical.　　Finally， each man， in giving himself to all， gives himself to nobody; and as there is no associate over whom he does not acquire the same right as he yields others over himself， he gains an equivalent for everything he loses， and an increase of force for the preservation of what he has.　　If then we discard from the social compact what is not of its essence， we shall find that it reduces itself to the following terms：　　"Each of us puts his person， and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will， and， in our corporate capacity， we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole."　　At once， in place of the individual personality of each contracting party， this act of association creates a moral and collective body， composed of as many members as the assembly contains votes， and receiving from this act its unity， its common identity， its life and its will. This public person， so formed by the union of all other persons formerly took the name of city， and now takes that of Republic or body politic; it is called by its members State when passive. Sovereign when active， and Power when compared with others like itself. Those who are associated in it take collectively the name of people， and severally are called citizens， as sharing in the sovereign power， and subjects， as being under the laws of the State. But these terms are often confused and taken one for another： it is enough to know how to distinguish them when they are being used with precision.　　1.7 THE SOVEREIGN　　THIS formula shows us that the act of association comprises a mutual under-taking between the public and the individuals， and that each individual， in making a contract， as we may say， with himself， is bound in a double capacity; as a member of the Sovereign he is bound to the individuals， and as a member of the State to the Sovereign. But the maxim of civil right， that no one is bound by undertakings made to himself， does not apply in this case; for there is a great difference between incurring an obligation to yourself and incurring gone to a whole of which you form a part.　　Attention must further be called to the fact that public deliberation， while competent to bind all the subjects to the Sovereign， because of the two different capacities in which each of them may be regarded， cannot， for the opposite reason， bind the Sovereign to itself; and that it is consequently against the nature of the body politic for the Sovereign to impose on itself a law which it cannot infringe. Being able to regard itself in only one capacity， it is in the position of an individual who makes a contract with himself; and this makes it clear that there neither is nor can be any kind of fundamental law binding on the body of the people - not even the social contract itself. This does not mean that the body politic cannot enter into undertakings with others， provided the contract is not infringed by them; for in relation to what is external to it， it becomes a simple being， an individual.　　But the body politic or the Sovereign， drawing its being wholly from the sanctity of the contract， can never bind itself， even to an outsider， to do anything derogatory to the original act， for instance， to alienate any part of itself， or to submit to another Sovereign. Violation of the act by which it exists would be self-annihilation; and that which is itself nothing can create nothing.　　As soon as this multitude is so united in one body， it is impossible to offend against one of the members without attacking the body， and still more to offend against the body without the members resenting it. Duty and interest therefore equally oblige the two contracting parties to give each other help; and the same men should seek to combine， in their double capacity， all the advantages dependent upon that capacity.　　……

用户评论 (总计45条)

•   卢梭的杰作，推荐给大家，不过，是英文版的，得英文水平还行！书的质量不错
•   什么是公民社会，什么是现代公民，卢梭给出了他的解释。
•   还不是很了解，但应该是卢梭除《爱弥儿》和《忏悔录》以外的又一著作，应该会引起深刻思考
•   因为是全英文班，，没有翻译，可以逼自己看英文，，这样才可以进步
•   值得耐下心来去品读的经典！
•   这种经典值得收藏。
  字比较小，但是字体很好看！
  书为硬书面，布局很好。
  内容自不用说。
•   很经典的西方文化启蒙书
•   书不错，不过我买的时候没看清楚，回来一看是英文版的，傻眼了···
•   英译简明流畅，中译本中有些含混的地方变得明了。
•   纯英文的，推荐大家配一本翻译的中文读
•   只看了第一章，还没有读完，书写的很好，值得细细品读！！！
•   以前觉得哲学没意思，现在越来越觉得，生活中处处都是哲学
•   质量什么的都挺不错
•   这个商品不错，可以，非常棒
•   纸质好，而且护眼。有些东西是没法译的，一定要看原文!
•   书质量不错，做活动时买的，挺便宜的！
•   好书，本人非常满意！！！
•   没有想象的好~
•   不然买原版
•   读点社科作品，少点儿戾气。
•   会有用到的一天的
•   很提高英语水平，尤其是专业词汇量。
•   这本书印刷质量挺好，值得一看。
•   哈佛公开课那个what is justice 就是这本书的翻版~~
•   除了字有点小，有点密之外
  其他的都不错。
  还用塑料纸密封着拿过来。
  比较满意吧。用了优惠券之后，这个价格
•   非常非常满意 纸质的颜色是护眼的---
•   书很好，但是封面有压痕，希望在图书的保管和运输过程有所注意
•   我们宿舍4个人，3个买了这本，还有一个买的是中文版的
•   非常好，又实惠。
•   帮同学买的，同学表示太薄。
•   社会契约论，经典就是经典，历经时间洗礼，仍然散发智慧的光芒。
•   硬皮，纸张质量也还好，字体清晰，总之拿着看挺舒服
  书的内容就不用说了，全英文的，既然买了，接下来就要好好看了
•   卢梭的精神所在
•   书的装帧很美。书是英文版的得慢慢啃喽。
•   英文原本，忠实原著；纯正西学，Good !
•   无法确定是不是非删减版，比照片上看上去薄太多了！！郁闷。其他还不错
•   是我喜欢的书，封面很好，就是纸质有点不满意，一边翻看一边掉纸屑，还偶尔有两页合在一起的，这个价位的书，总体可以接受了，内容很好，没看完，总是还是我的大爱
•   纸张很好，内容充实，包装精致
•   就是字排得有点满，没地儿做笔记了。。
•   可以。还没读，不过书的包装很好看。
•   硬壳纸包装的，其实这么薄的一本书，完全没必要包装成这样啊，喜欢软精的。
•   书看起来挺富态的，赞成一份！
•   不知道 是不是真正的原版 但是封面和价格都很满意
•   这个不会是缩写的吧，比我印象当中的薄了点
•   貌似要脱页的样子