现代宇宙学

出版时间：2008-10-1  出版社：世界图书出版公司  作者：Scott Dodelson  页数：440  
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前言

The Men of the Great Assembly had three sayings: "Be patient before reachinga decision; Enable many students to stand on their own; Make a fence around yourteaching."Ethics of the Fathers 1:1There are two aspects of cosmology today that make it more alluring than ever.First, there is an enormous amount of data. To give just one example of how rapidlyour knowledge of the structure of the universe is advancing, consider galaxy surveyswhich map the sky. In 1985, the state-of-the-art survey was the one carried out bythe Center for Astrophysics; it consisted of the positions of 1100 galaxies. Today, theSloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Degree Field between them have recordedthe 3D positions of half a million galaxies.The other aspect of modern cosmology which distinguishes it from previousefforts to understand the universe is that we have developed a consistent theoret-ical framework which agrees quantitatively with the data. These two features arethe secret of the excitement in modern cosmology: we have a theory which makespredictions, and these predictions can be tested by observations. Understanding what the theory is and what predictions it makes is not trivial.First, many of the predictions are statistical. We don't predict that there should bea hot spot in the cosmic microwave background （CMB） at RA = 15h, dec= 27~~~~.Rather, predictions are about the distribution and magnitude of hot and cold spots.Second, these predictions, and the theory on which they are based, involve lots ofsteps, many arguments drawn from a broad range of physics. For example, wewill see that the distribution of hot and cold spots in the CMB depends on quan-tum mechanics, general relativity, fluid dynamics, and the interaction of light withmatter. So we will indeed follow the first dictum of the Men of the Great Assem-bly and be patient before coming to judgment. Indeed, the fundamental measuresof structure in the universe——the power spectra of matter and radiation——agreeextraordinary well with the current cosmological theory, but we won't have thetools to understand this agreement completely until Chapters 7 and 8. Sober mindshave always knows that it pays to be patient before pronouncing judgment on ideasas lofty as those necessary to understand our Universe. The modern twist on this"Be patient" theme is that we need to set up the framework （in this case Chapters.

内容概要

There are two aspects of cosmology today that make it more alluring than ever. First, there is an enormous amount of data. To give just one example of how rapidly our knowledge of the structure of the universe is advancing, consider galaxy surveys which map the sky. In 1985, the state-of-the-art survey was the one carried out by the Center for Astrophysics; it consisted of the positions of 1100 galaxies. Today, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Degree Field between them have recorded the 3D positions of half a million galaxies.

作者简介

作者：(英国)都德尔逊 (Scott Dodelson)Scott Dodelson：美国费米国家实验室理论天体物理研究组负责人和芝加哥大学天文和天体物理学系教授。在哥伦比亚大学获博士学位。进入费米国家实验室和芝加哥大学前在哈佛大学做研究员。在宇宙论方面发表了七十多篇论文，其中大部分是关于宇宙的微波背景和大尺度结构。目次：标准模型及其它；平坦扩张的宇宙；远离平衡态；波尔兹曼方程；爱因斯坦方程；初始条件；多样性；各项异性；多样性的探测；弱透镜化和偏振；分析；附录A：部分习题解答；附录B：常数；附录C：特殊函数；附录D：符号；参考文献；索引。读者对象：理论物理、天文物理和宇宙学等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。

书籍目录

1  The Standard Model and Beyond  1.1  The Expanding Universe  1.2  The Hubble Diagram  1.3  Big Bang Nucleosynthesis  1.4  The Cosmic Microwave Background  1.5  Beyond the Standard Model  1.6  Summary  Exercises2  The Smooth, Expanding Universe  2.1  General Relativity    2.1.1 The Metric    2.1.2  The Geodesic Equation    2.1.3  Einstein Equations  2.2  Distances  2.3  Evolution of Energy  2.4  Cosmic Inventory    2.4.1  Photons    2.4.2  Baryons    2.4.3  Matter    2.4.4  Neutrinos    2.4.5  Dark Energy    2.4.6  Epoch of Matter-Radiation Equality  2.5  Summary  Exercises3  Beyond Equilibrium  3.1  Boltzmann Equation for Annihilation  3.2  Big Bang Nucleosynthesis    3.2.1  Neutron Abundance    3.2.2  Light Element Abundances  3.3  Recombination  3.4  Dark Matter  3.5  Summary  Exercises4  The Boltzmann Equations  4.1  The Boltzmann Equation for the Harmonic Oscillator  4.2  The Collisionless Boltzmann Equation for Photons    4.2.1  Zero-Order Equation    4.2.2  First-Order Equation  4.3  Collision Terms: Compton Scattering  4.4  The Boltzmann EqUation for Photons  4.5  The Boltzmann Equation for Cold Dark Matter  4.6  The Boltzmann Equation for Baryons  4.7  Summary  Exercises5　Einstein Equations  5.1  The Perturbed Ricci Tensor and Scalar    5.1.1  Christoffel Symbols    5.1.2  Ricci Tensor  5.2  Two Components of the Einstein Equations  5.3  Tensor Perturbations    5.3.1  Christoffel Symbols for Tensor Perturbations    5.3.2  Ricci Tensor for Tensor Perturbations    5.3.3  Einstein Equations for Tensor Perturbations  5.4  The Decomposition Theorem  5.5  From Gauge to Gauge  5.6  Summary  　Exercises6  Initial Conditions  6.1  The Einstein-Boltzmann Equations at Early Times  6.2  The Horizon  6.3  Inflation    6.3.1  A Solution to the Horizon Problem    6.3.2  Negative Pressure    6.3.3  Implementation with a Scalar Field  6.4  Gravity Wave Production    6.4.1  Quantizing the Harmonic Oscillator    6.4.2  Tensor Perturbations   6.5  Scalar Perturbations     6.5.1  Scalar Field Perturbations around a Smooth Background     6.5.2  Super-Horizon Perturbations     6.5.3 Spatially Flat Slicing  6.6  Summary and Spectral Indices  Exercises7  Inhomogeneities  7.1  Prelude    7.1.1  Three Stages of Evolution    7.1.2  Method  7.2  Large Scales    7.2.1  Super-horizon Solution    7.2.2  Through Horizon Crossing  7.3  Small Scales    7.3.1  Horizon Crossing    7.3.2  Sub-horizon Evolution  7.4  Numerical Results and Fits  7.5  Growth Function  7.6  Beyond Cold Dark Matter    7.6.1  Baryons    7.6.2  Massive Neutrinos    7.6.3  Dark Energy  Exercises8  Anisotropies  8.1  Overview  8.2  Large-Scale Anisotropies  8.3  Acoustic Oscillations    8.3.1  Tightly Coupled Limit of the Boltzmann Equations    8.3.2  Tightly Coupled Solutions  8.4  Diffusion Damping  8.5  Inhomogeneities to Anisotropies    8.5.1  Free Streaming    8.5.2  The Cl's  8.6  The Anisotropy Spectrum Today    8.6.1  Sachs-Wolfe Effect    8.6.2  Small Scales  8.7  Cosmological Parameters    8.7.1  Curvature    8.7.2  Degenerate Parameters    8.7.3  Distinct Imprints  Exercises9  Probes of Inhomogeneities  9.1  Angular Correlations  9.2  Peculiar Velocities  9.3  Direct Measurements of Peculiar Velocities  9.4  Redshift Space Distortions  9.5  Galaxy Clusters  Exercises10  Weak Lensing and Polarization  10.1  Gravitational Distortion of Images  10.2  GeodesiCs and Shear  10.3  Ellipticity as an Estimator of Shear  10.4  Weak Lensing Power Spectrum  10.5  Polarization: The Quadrupole and the Q/U DecompositioI  10.6  Polarization from a Single Plane Wave  10.7  Boltzmann Solution  10.8  Polarization Power Spectra  10.9  Detecting Gravity Waves  Exercises11  Analysis  11.1  The Likelihood Function    11.1.1  Simple Example    11.1.2  CMB Likelihood    11.1.3  Galaxy Surveys  11.2  Signal Covariance Matrix    11.2.1  CMB Window Functions    11.2.2  Examples of CMB Window Functions    11.2.3  Window Functions for Galaxy Surveys    11.2.4  Summary  11.3  Estimating the Likelihood Function    11.3.1  Karhunen-Loeve Techniques    11.3.2  Optimal Quadratic Estimator  11.4  The Fisher Matrix: Limits and Applications    11.4.1  CMB    11.4.2  Galaxy Surveys    11.4.3  Forecasting  11.5  Mapmaking and Inversion  11.6  Systematics    11.6.1  Foregrounds    11.6.2  Mode Subtraction  ExercisesA  Solutions to Selected ProblemsB  Numbers  B.1  Physical Constants  B.2 Cosmological ConstantsC  Special Functions  C.1  Legendre Polynomials  C.2  Spherical Harmonics  C.3  Spherical Bessel Functions  C.4  Fourier Transforms  C.5  MiscellaneousD  SymbolsBibliographyIndex

章节摘录

插图：

编辑推荐

《现代宇宙学》的特色：（1）讲解了现代宇宙学的理论基础，处理方法和具体解释，阐明了当前在宇宙学研究中的深刻思想；（2）涵盖了过去十年中在宇宙学研究中的重大进展；（3）包括了上百幅很有特色的教学图片。

用户评论 (总计18条)

•   这是一本很好的现代宇宙学教材.虽然比国外晚了一些时间,但是还算比较及时.这本书在美国要卖到60-80美元不等,而影印本很便宜,很大程度方便了国内的读者.感谢一切为这本书的影印本顺便发行的人.当当网送书的速度很快.我第一天晚上在网上递交的订单,第二天就送书上门.这样的服务是很优秀的.
•   内容如预期，精炼，实用；受开本限制，字体显得有点小
•   这是想要的那本哇
•   一口气买了几本相关的书，刚开始进入这个领域，应该有不少东西要补的吧。fighting..
•   我是研究激光等离子体的，在激光天体模拟上能用着
•   国外的优秀教材，对于天文爱好者是个不容错过的选择。
  快递速度很快，服务很好，怕耽误时间，摩托车坏了还是自己推过来送货的。
•   这本书非常好了，适合有一些基础的人来看。
  过程推导的非常仔细，应该自己仔细跟着算一遍。
  就是字比较小，看时间长了眼睛回累。
•   书本排版的字太小了。发货速度可以，赞一下！！！
•   隔两天收到的书，写的不错，可惜字影印得太小了。曲线图还很清楚，但照片经过影印，几乎无法辨认。不过还是赞一下
•   书当然棒啦
•   数了一下，12页重影的。反正世图就那样，费曼第三卷纸张相当恼火
•   表示看起来比较困难。
•   书挺好，适合科研需要，纸质也很好
•   很好，计算很详细。
•   发的太慢了！
•   1.字太小了，阅读时间稍长，眼睛就感到疲劳。2.从第4章开始，要想读懂本书就要具备较为深厚的统计物理及宇宙学基础，否则到了第6章就几乎看不下去了，因为有些式子你已经看不懂了。
•   作为入门书，还是比较全面的
•   印刷纸张有够差，成本估计比不上茅厕纸