余杭义桥汉六朝墓

出版时间：2010-8  出版社：文物出版社  作者：唐俊杰  页数：301  
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内容概要

The Yiqiao义桥cemetery(N 30°17’40”，E
119°54’07”)is 4 km northwest of the Yuhang余杭Town in western Yuhang
District， Hangzhou杭州City，Zhejiang浙江Province，and 2．5 km north of the
Tiaoxi苕溪Spring，between the Tianmushan天目山Mountai in its west and
south，and the plain area in its east．It is on the slopes of several
small hills including the Sheshantou蛇山头hill， the Guojiatou郭家头hill
and the Wangjiashan王家山hill，with the Yiqiao Village in its east，the
No．15 provincial highway in its north，the Yangmeiling杨梅岭and
Xin’anqian新庵前Villages in its west and the Ahan安山Village in its
south．The hills which are 4 to 28 mete above sea level were covered
by tea trees before but now have been left hncultivated due to the
local industrial development． In April 2007，ancient burials were
unearthed during the cotruction of the Yuhang Industry Development
Limited Company． After signing an agreement with the developer，the
Hangzhou Municipal Ititute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and
the Yuhang District Museum organized a cooperative archaeological
team and conducted a salvage excavation from May 22nd to July 1
0th， during which 64 burials had been discovered in an area of 1
500 sq mete．The burials include 1 of the pre—Qin period，47 of the
Han汉Dynasty，1 3 of the Six Dynasties，2 of the Song宋Dynasty and 1 of
the Qing清Dynasty．Totally 522 pieces(sets)artifacts were
unearhed．Besides，63 pieces of artifacts probably from the burials
had been collected． This monograph is a detailed report on the 60
burials of the Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties．Information of the
other four burials is in the appendix．Collected artifacts of
different periods are described after the reports of the burials of
their related periods． The 60 burials of the Han to the Six
Dynasties periods can be divided into two types：earth—shaft burials
which are relatively well preserved，and the brick—chamber burials
many of the which had been looted long ago．The earth—shaft burials
can be further divided into two sub—types：the rectangular—shaped
burials and the handIe—knife—shaped burials．Some shafts are wider
and some are narrower．The brick—chamber burials are
rectangular—shaped，凸—shaped，handle—knife—shaped or T—shaped．Some
have front and back chambe． Burials offerings in the earth—shaft
burials are relatively larger in number and more various in types
comparing with those in the brick—chamber burials．Totally 406
pieces(sets)of ceramic， porcelain，bronze，iron，silver，stone and
glass offerings were unearthed from the 60 burials．Ceramic objects
take the highest percentage，followed by porcelain objects and
bronze／iron objects ． The 321 ceramic objects(79．1％of the total
artifacts)are mainly gray—brown or gray—green in color and
green—yellow glazed．They obviously belong to the green —glaze
tradition of the Southern China．Most of them were hand—made，some
with the help of moulds，and wheel mended．Main surface decoratio
include the string—pattern and curved flourish desig．Some of them
are imitatio of bronze ritual vessels．Some might have been articles
for daily use，some were specially made as burial offerings．Sixteen
bronze mirro and two iron ding鼎tripods were found in the burials．
Only two out of the 60 burials have direct stratigraphic
relatiohips and none of them have artifacts with accurate date．
Mainly based on the structures of the burials and typological
research on burial offerings，we divided the burials into eight
phases：phase Ⅰ dating to the early Western Han，phase Ⅱ dating to
the Middle Western Han，phase Ⅲ dating to the Late Western Han
，phase IV dating to the Xin Mang新莽period，phase V dating to the
Early Eastern Han，phase VI dating to the Middle and Late Eastern
Han．phase VII dating to the Western Jin晋and phase ⅤⅢ dating to the
Eastern Jin． Some rules can be recognized from the distribution of
burials ．Seventeen earth—shaft burials are located on the slopes of
the hills near Guojiatou in the north，while nine are on the slopes
of the hills near Sheshantou in the south．It seems that earlier
burials are usually higher and later burials have kept moving down
slope．Nineteen brick—chamber burials are on the slopes near
Guojiatou，while 17 of them are on the slopes near Sheshantou．
Significantly，ten of the 21 Eastern Han brick—chamber burials
concentrated around Sheshantou．Eight of the nine Western Jin
burials are on the western top of Sheshantou．Two of the four
Eastern Jin burials are on the eastern top of Sheshantou．Eastern
Han brick—chamber burials are usually on the middle slope，while
those of the Six Dynasties are usually near the top．Based on the
excavation，we know that these hills had been used as burial ground
as early as in the Warring State period．The small population size
resulted in the small number of burials．This area had become an
important cemetery during the Han and the Six Dynasties．The
earliest burials of this period are on the northern slopes of
Guojiatou．From the Eastern Han，burials had gradually moved
southward to the southern slopes of Guojiatou and Sheshantou ．All
the earth—shaft burials are east—west orienting，while most of、the
brick—chamber burials are east or north orienting． It seems that
orientation of a burial has close relatiohip with its
micro—landscape—most of the burials orienting to open area． Burials
of the same period and at the same location usually headed to the
same direction． Passage slope，ercengtai二层台platform of filled earth，
ercengtai platform of untouched earth，stone supporte and earth
mound had been found in or above some earth—shaft burials．Some
burials are under the same earth mound，and some burials have more
than one dead．In Han Dynasty burials with more than one dead， there
are secondary buried individuals who might have died earlier and
been moved from their original burials．Niches were common in the
brick —chamber burials of the Western Jin． The largest length and
width of earth—shaft burials are 4.5 and 3 mete, while those of the
brick—chamber burials are 6 and 5 mete. In other words, all the
burials are middle or small in size. The structure, quantity and
quality of burial offerings also indicate that this area is the
cemetery for common people. Both the structure and style of burial
offerings demotrate the increasing influence of the Han culture
which then developed to the Jin culture. Although local cultural
elements can be recognized in the burials of the Han Dynasty, they
had been gradually taken place by the Han cultural elements. We can
find the historical background of this takeover in ancient texts.
In summary, the Yiqiao cemetery had been the burial ground for
common people. The burials with significant local characteristics
are large in number and cover a complete chronological sequence.
They are important for our research on mortuary practice in
Southern China, especially in the Jiangzhe 江浙area during the Han to
Six Dynasties period.

书籍目录

第一章  概况
  第一节  地理环境
  第二节  历史沿革
  第三节  发现与发掘概况
  第四节  资料整理和报告编写
第二章  单位墓葬详述
  第一节  两汉墓葬
    一  土坑墓
    (一)一墩一穴土坑墓
    1．长方形土坑墓
    (1)长方形窄坑
    M30
    M38
    M18
    M2
    M39
    (2)长方形宽坑
    M33
    M3
    M10
    M42
    M59
    M17
    M19
    2．刀把形土坑墓
    M29
    M50
    (二)一墩二穴土坑墓
    1．M35和M36
    刀把形宽坑M35
    长方形窄坑M36
    2．M46和M47
    长方形窄坑M46
    长方形宽坑M47
    3．M57和M58
    长方形宽坑M57
    刀把形窄坑M58
    (三)一墩三穴土坑墓
    长方形宽坑M56A
    长方形窄坑M56B
    刀把形窄坑M56C
    (四)其他
    M28
    M37
    M60
    二  砖室墓
    (一)长方形砖室墓
    1．前后室结构墓
    M13
    2．单室结构墓
    M6
    M8
    M31
    M43
    M45
    M48
    M51
    M52
    M53
    M54
    M62
    (二)凸字形砖室墓
    1．前后室结构墓
    M207
    2．单室结构墓
    M1
    M34
    M44
    (三)T字形砖室墓
    M14
    (四)其他
    M9
    M12
    M15
    M32
    三  采集遗物
  第二节  六朝墓葬
    一  长方形砖室墓
    M41
    M16
    二  凸字形砖室墓
    (一)前后室结构
    M7
    M22
    M40
    M4
    (二)单室结构
    M21
    M23
    M24
    M25
    三  刀把形砖室墓
    M20
    M55
    四  T字形砖室墓
    M11
第三章  墓葬形制与出土遗物类型
  第一节  墓葬形制
    一  土坑墓
    二  砖室墓
  第二节  出土遗物类型
    一  陶器
    (一)质地
    (二)制法
    (三)釉
    (四)纹饰
    (五)器形
    1．仿铜陶礼器
    2．生活用器
    3．模型明器
    二  瓷器
    (一)青瓷
    (二)黑(酱)釉瓷
    三  铜器
    四  铁器
    五  其他
    (一)银器
    (二)琉璃器
    (三)石器
第四章  分期与年代
  第一节  墓葬分组
  第二节  分期与年代
  第三节  各期墓葬形制的发展和随葬品组合的演变
    一  墓葬形制的发展
    二  随葬品组合的演变
第五章结语
  第一节  墓地选择与墓葬分布
  第二节  葬俗
  第三节  墓地性质
  第四节  汉墓文化因素分析
  第五节  汉墓中的合葬习俗
  第六节  墓地特点
附表一  土坑墓登记表
附表二  砖室墓登记表
附表三  出土铜镜统计表
附录一  战国墓葬
附录二  宋代墓葬
附录三  明清墓葬
后记
英文提要

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《余杭义桥汉六朝墓》由文物出版社出版。