唐纳德·戴维森

出版时间：2011-4  出版社：复旦大学出版社  作者：柯克·路德维希（Kirk Ludwig）  页数：286  译者：郭世平  
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内容概要

唐纳德·戴维森已经成为现代分析哲学中最有影响力的人物之一。他对于下述各门学科都作出了学术贡献：语言哲学、行动哲学、心灵哲学、认识论、形而上学以及合理性理论。他的主要工作(体现在跨越近四十年的一系列里程碑式的论文中)展示出一种统一性，这在为如此众多的不同论题作出贡献的那些哲学家当中是罕见的。这些论文(雅致、紧凑、有时候晦涩而且艰深)共同构成了一幅镶嵌图案，对于人类思想的本质、行动和言语以及它们与自然世界的关系，提出了一种系统的解释，这是近五十年来出现在分析哲学中最为精致和给人印象最为深刻的系统之一。
本书由一些著名的哲学家写成，各章分别论及的是：真理与意义；行动哲学；彻底解释；哲学心理学；语义学与事件形而上学；对于外部世界、他人心灵以及我们自己心灵的认识；以及戴维森的工作对于文学理论的意义。’
这只是对戴维森全部工作范围的一个综合性导论，正因为如此，对于哲学、心理学、语言学以及文学理论专业的高年级本科生、研究生以及专业人员来说，本书也具有特殊的价值。

作者简介

　　唐纳德?戴维森（Donald Davidson，1917-2003）
　　20世纪下半叶最重要的分析哲学家之一。获哈佛大学哲学博士学位，曾先后任教于斯坦福大学、普林斯顿大学、洛克菲勒大学、芝加哥大学以及加州大学伯克利分校。戴维森在语言哲学、行动哲学、心灵哲学、认识论、形而上学以及合理性理论等哲学的众多基础领域都开展了独创性的工作，其成就主要体现为自20世纪60年代以来所发表的一系列论文，它们被收入《行动与事件论文集》（1980）、《对真理与解释的探究》（1984）、《主观的、主观际的、客观的》（2001）、《合理性的难题》（2004）和《真理、语言与历史》（2005）等论文集中。

书籍目录

导论 柯克?路德维希
　第一节 早年生活与思想发展
　第二节 约1970年至今的工作
　第三节 意义理论与自然语言语义学
　第四节 行动哲学
　第五节 彻底解释
　第六节 心理哲学
　第七节 认识论
　第八节 事件
　第九节 真理
　第十节 合理性与非理性
　第十一节 语言的非字面使用
　第十二节 本书的结构
第一章 真理与意义欧尼斯特?莱波雷柯克?路德维希
　第一节 可学会的语言与组合性要求
　第二节 戴维森对传统探讨的批评
　第三节 作为组合性意义理论工具的真理论
　第四节 解释性议题：对于传统目标的取代还是新的追求？
　第五节 外延性约束
　第六节 彻底解释的作用
　第七节 真理论语义学方面的工作
　第八节 结束语
第二章　行动哲学
第三章　彻底解释
第四章　心灵哲学与心理学
第五章　语义学与事件的形而上学
第六章　对于自我、他人和世界的认识
第七章　语言与文学
戴维森著述目录
评论戴维森文选
参考书目
人名索引
主题索引
译后记

章节摘录

版权页：请考虑一个未来技术的不幸牺牲者，他的大脑被有魔力的控制者无线控制着。假定这是在数小时之前刚刚发生过，或许是昨天夜里那个牺牲者熟睡的时候。这正是戴维森的推理并未设法排除的那种可能性。我们于是就面临如下后果。确实，我们不能仅仅因为我们在任何具体情况下都可能是错的，就推出我们可能是普遍错误的。但同理，我们不能仅仅因为我们不可能是普遍错误的，就推出我们在任何具体情况下都是不会错的。所以，即使戴维森的推理能够使我们关闭我们可以先天通达的东西与我们关于外部实在的性质的普遍正确性之间的裂缝，这仍然在我们可以先天通达的东西与我们在任何给定的时间所持有的关于世界以及我们在其中地位的各种实质性信念之间的适当地方留下了大量裂缝。这些裂缝没有任何一个看起来仅仅用戴维森式的论证就可以被架接起来。或许可以争辩说，现象在这里都是靠不住的，正如它们在黑暗的沼泽地里通常都是靠不住的一样。毕竟，戴维森的论证并未产生这样的结论，即我们关于外在性（extermlia）的实质性信念是并且必定是大量正确的。难道我们不可以因此推出，任何个别的这类信念都必定具有可以设想的辩护理由吗？当然，这种辩护理由有可能被特殊的不利环境所挫败。但在未遭受这种挫败时，这种辩护理由就肯定不是毫无价值的。因此，我们看起来毕竟在反对怀疑论中取得了进展。这种论证具有一种会使我们踌躇起来的“掩盖”（blanketing）性质。它会使所有的实质性信念，占星术家的信念与天文学家的信念，都具有可以设想的辩护理由。现在的行动是要转移到解释这种差别的原因上来，转移到对于占星术家辩护理由的失败并不是天文学家辩护理由的失败的原因解释上来。任何一个突然相信某种东西，并且没有十分有效的论证反对他对于相关题材的信赖的人，任何对于大量相关理论都一无所知的深信他人的灵魂，看起来都会接受未被挫败的认识辩护，仅仅因为辩护未被挫败这一事实。

用户评论 (总计3条)

•   想了解其学说先了解其人，我都是这么进行研究的。很有效果。
•   介绍戴维森，还算清晰。
•   聚焦当代哲学--复旦大学出版社计划出6个哲学家，自出这本《唐纳德•戴维森》和前面的《理查德·罗蒂》，就一直没有下文了。还有4位哲学家分别是《罗伯特·诺齐克》《查尔斯·泰勒》《托马斯·库恩》《阿拉斯代尔·麦金泰尔》。这套“聚焦当代哲学”原是剑桥大学2002年开始陆续出版，现已有11册。依次是:Thomas Kuhn 托马斯·库恩Stanley Cavell 斯坦利·卡维尔Alasdair MacIntyre 阿拉斯代尔·麦金泰尔Richard Rorty 理查德·罗蒂Donald Davidson 唐纳德·戴维森John Searle 约翰·塞尔Charles Taylor 查尔斯·泰勒Hilary Putnam 希拉里·普特南Paul Churchland 保罗·丘奇兰德Alvin Plantinga 阿尔文·普兰丁格Bernard Williams 伯纳德·威廉姆斯下面是有关这个系列的原版信息：Contemporary Philosophy in Focus / 聚焦当代哲学各卷内容简介 (格式: 书名/编者,年份/内容简介):1) Thomas Kuhn 托马斯·库恩Edite...d by Thomas Nickles 2002Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996), the author of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, is probably the best-known and most influential historian and philosopher of science of the last 25 years, and has become something of a cultural icon. His concepts of paradigm, paradigm change and incommensurability have changed the way we think about science. This volume offers an introduction to Kuhn's life and work and then considers the implications of Kuhn's work for philosophy, cognitive psychology, social studies of science and feminism. The volume is more than a retrospective on Kuhn, exploring future developments of cognitive and information services along Kuhnian lines. Outside of philosophy the volume will be of particular interest to professionals and students in cognitive science, history of science, science studies and cultural studies.Kuhn is widely read across humanities and social studies.We have a high-quality list of contributors able to provide a much wider overall coverage than the volume by Alexander Bird.The volume is accessible and systematic like a Companion.2) Stanley Cavell 斯坦利·卡维尔Edited by Richard Eldridge 2003Stanley Cavell has been one of the most creative and independent of contemporary philosophical voices. At the core of his thought is the view that skepticism is not a theoretical position to be refuted by philosophical theory but is a reflection of the fundamental limits of human knowledge of the self, of others and of the external world that must be accepted. This volume is the first attempt systematically and accessibly to describe and assess the full range of Cavell's work. There are new accounts of Cavell's contribution to the philosophy of mind and language, the theory of action, ethics, aesthetics, Romanticism, American philosophy, Shakespeare, and film and opera. Outside philosophy the appeal of this volume will be unusually broad.One of the most widely read of contemporary philosophers outside philosophy, in literary studies, art, music, film and American studies.Cambridge is associated with Stanley Cavell through two classic books being reissued alongside this volume in new editions, Must We Mean what We Say? and Disowning Knowledge in Seven Plays of Shakespeare.3) Alasdair MacIntyre 阿拉斯代尔·麦金泰尔Edited by Mark C. Murphy 2003The contribution to contemporary philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre is enormous. His writings on ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, philosophy of the social sciences and the history of philosophy have established him as one of the philosophical giants of the last fifty years. His best-known book, After Virtue (1981), spurred the profound revival of virtue ethics. Moreover, MacIntyre, unlike so many of his contemporaries, has exerted a deep influence beyond the bourns of academic philosophy. This volume focuses on the major themes of MacIntyre's work with critical expositions of MacIntyre's views on the history of philosophy, the role of tradition in philosophical inquiry, the philosophy of the social sciences, moral philosophy, political theory, and his critique of the assumptions and institutions of modernity. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume will have a wide appeal outside philosophy to students in the social sciences, law, theology, and political theory.MacIntyre is a figure of major importance whose work has been widely influential across disciplines.This should be one of the best-selling volumes in the series.Volume is fully up-to-date and much more accessible to non-specialists than the competition.4) Richard Rorty 理查德·罗蒂Edited by Charles Guignon, David R. Hiley 2003Arguably the most influential of all contemporary English-speaking philosophers, Richard Rorty has transformed the way many inside and outside philosophy think about the discipline and the traditional ways of practising it. Drawing on a wide range of thinkers from Darwin and James to Quine, Wittgenstein, Heidegger and Derrida, Rorty has injected a bold anti-foundationalist vision into philosophical debate, into discussions in literary theory, communication studies, political theory and education, and, as public intellectual, into national debates about the responsibilities of America in the modern world. The essays in this volume offer a balanced exposition and critique of Rorty's views on knowledge, language, truth, science, morality and politics. The editorial introduction presents a valuable overview of Rorty's philosophical vision. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume will have an unusual appeal outside philosophy to students in the social sciences, literary studies, cultural studies and political theory.Given Rorty's almost cult status this should prove to be one of the best-selling volumes in the series.Broad inter-disciplinary readership.As with other volumes in series this is systematic and accessible.5) Donald Davidson 唐纳德·戴维森Edited by Kirk Ludwig 2003Donald Davidson has been one of the most influential figures in modern analytic philosophy and has made seminal contributions in a wide range of subjects: philosophy of language, philosophy of action, philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics and the theory of rationality. His principal work, embodied in a series of landmark essays stretching over nearly 40 years, exhibits a unity rare among philosophers contributing on so many diverse fronts. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume includes chapters on truth and meaning, the philosophy of action, radical interpretation, philosophical psychology, knowledge of the external world, other minds and our own minds, and the implications of Davidson's work for literary theory. This is the only comprehensive introduction to the full range of Davidson's work, and as such it will be of particular value to advanced undergraduates, graduates and professionals in philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and literary theory.Most systematic and accessible account available of one of major figures in contemporary philosophy.Strong team of contributors, offering a much higher-quality introduction than is found in the Princeton competitor listed above.6) John Searle 约翰·塞尔Edited by Barry Smith 2003From his groundbreaking book Speech Acts to his most recent studies of consciousness, freedom and rationality John Searle has been a dominant and highly influential figure amongst contemporary philosophers. This systematic introduction to the full range of Searle's work begins with the theory of speech acts and proceeds with expositions of Searle's writings on intentionality, consciousness and perception, as well as a careful presentation of the so-called Chinese Room argument. The volume considers Searle's recent work on social ontology and his views on the nature of law and obligation. It concludes with an appraisal of Searle's spirited defence of truth and scientific method in the face of the criticisms of Derrida and other postmodernists. This is the only comprehensive introduction to Searle's work, and as such it will be of particular value to advanced undergraduates, graduates and professionals in philosophy, psychology, linguistics, cognitive and computer science and literary theory.Only comprehensive introduction available to one of the dominant philosophical figures of our time.Systematic and accessible.Distinguished roster of contributors.7) Charles Taylor 查尔斯·泰勒Edited by Ruth Abbey 2004Charles Taylor is beyond question one of the most distinctive figures in the landscape of contemporary philosophy. In a time of increasing specialization Taylor’s ability to contribute to philosophical conversations across a wide spectrum of ideas is distinctive and impressive. These areas include moral theory, theories of subjectivity, political theory, epistemology, hermeneutics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and aesthetics. His most recent writings have seen him branching into the study of religion. Written by a team of international authorities, this collection will be read primarily by students and professionals in philosophy, political science and religious studies, but will appeal to a broad swathe of professionals across the humanities and social sciences.Deals with prominent philosopher whose work is widely read across disciplines.High-quality contributors.Up-to-date and accessible.8) Hilary Putnam 希拉里·普特南Edited by Yemima Ben-Menahem 2005The richness of Putnam's philosophical oeuvre consists not only in the broad spectrum of problems addressed, but also in the transformations and restructuring his positions have undergone over the years. The essays collected in this volume are sensitive to both these dimensions. They discuss Putnam’s major philosophical contributions to the theory of meaning, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science and mathematics, and moral theory. But, in addition, tracing threads of change and continuity, they analyze the dynamics underlying the unfolding of Putnam's thought. The volume also constitutes a critical introduction to a number of central issues in contemporary philosophy, including quantum logic, realism, functionalism, the 'minds as computer' metaphor, and the fact/value dichotomy.One of the major contemporary philosophers.Very strong list of contributors.Offers a critical introduction to a number of central issue 阅读更多 ›