司马迁

出版时间：2010-7  出版社：南京大学  作者：郭维森  页数：153  

前言

中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千多年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。古代中国朝代更迭，每一个朝代都有灿烂夺目的思想文化。百家争鸣的先秦诸子、博大宏深的汉唐经学、简易幽远的魏晋玄学、尽心知性的宋明理学是思想学术的奇葩；佛教的色空禅悦、道教的神仙修养是宗教信仰的沃土；其他如经世济民的政治、经济理想，巧夺天工的科技、工艺之道，风雅传神、丹青不老的文学艺术……都蕴涵着丰富的思想。这些思想的创造者中有教师、学者、诗人、政治家、科学家、僧人……他们在中国古代的哲学、政治、军事、经济、法律、工艺、科技、文学、艺术、宗教等各个文明领域内贡献巨大。古代中国人尊敬那些充满智慧、追求道德的人，称呼他们为圣人、贤人、哲人、智者、大师等，他们的言论、著作或被后人总结出来的经验构成了中国古代思想的重要内容，在丰富多彩中贯穿着天人合一、知行合一、刚健中和等精神传统，表现出综合创新的特色。

内容概要

The Collection of Critical Biographies of Chinese Thinkers, under the general editorship of the late honorary president of Nanjing University, Professor Kuang Yaming, is the largest-scale project of research materials on Chinese thinkers undertaken since the beginning of the twentieth century. Standing on the shoulders of this great man and other 200 well-known Chinese professors, this collection of concise Chinese-English version is not only based on a profound academic foundation, but also exhibits a brand new feature which is the virtue of explaining the profound in a simple way, hence leading readers to mastery of the contents; it also incorporates a refined principle of selection, a simple mode of evaluation and commentary, and a moving narration of the stories and their wisdom.    Sima Qian, the Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty, is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised work--Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), a general history of China covering more than three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of the Han. His definitive work laid the foundation for later Chinese historiography.

作者简介

作者：郭维森 译者：（澳大利亚）杨国生 （澳大利亚）爱博 丛书主编：周宪 程爱民

书籍目录

一  故乡，童年二  二十漫游三  由郎中到太史令四  李陵之祸五  刑余的史臣六  史家之绝唱七  无韵之《离骚》八  光照千古译后记

章节摘录

插图：他要探究天人之间的实际情形，结果是对天人关系表示了很大的怀疑。他对一些迷信、怪异的说法，都持批评怀疑的态度。比如《刺客列传》中，说到世人传说燕国的太子丹，在秦国做人质时，曾要求回国，秦王说：你要能让天上落下粮食，马头上长出角来，就放你回国。太子丹仰天而叹，感动了上天，竟然“天雨粟，马生角”，因而被放归。后来有一本叫《燕丹子》的书，更将这事说得活灵活现。司马迁不取这一荒诞传说，并批评说“太过”。当时，通西域的张骞曾经实际考察了黄河的源头。司马迁根据他考察的结果，指出《禹本纪》《山海经》记载的昆仑山上有醴泉、瑶池和种种神怪都是没有的，说，我可不敢跟着乱说。司马迁认为人生的命运，往往是环境造成的。在《扁鹊仓公列传》的“太史公日”中，司马迁写道：“女无美恶，居宫见妒，士无贤不肖，入朝见疑”，宫内、朝廷就是你争我夺的妒忌场。扁鹊因为医术高明，被秦朝的太医令派人刺杀了。仓公就是太仓令淳于意，也因医术高明，被人诬告，将要受刑，多亏他的小女儿缇荣上书，要以身为奴婢救赎父亲，这件事感动了汉文帝，宣布要废止肉刑。扁鹊、仓公都因医术高妙而受到迫害，真如老子所说：“美好者，不祥之器”，美好的事物会招来妒忌，引起争端，所以是不吉利的。祸患来自人世，是现实环境造成的，和天命、天道全无关系。秦始皇吞并六国，建立了统一强大的秦王朝，但不过十几年，就被揭竿而起的平民推翻。楚汉之际，项羽兵强地广，成为发号施令的霸主，但不到三年，即被远为弱小的刘邦消灭。什么原因呢？关于秦亡，汉初的贾谊写了一篇《过秦论》，提出是因为“仁义不施而攻守之势异也”。司马迁同意他的观点，在《秦始皇本纪》后面，全引了这篇文章。

后记

Sima Qian (135 B.C.——86 B.C.) is the most influential and respected imperial historian in China. His work Shift (Records of the Grand Historian of China) is acknowledged by many Chinese to be the richest and most complex book recording the first three thousand years of history up to the Han Dynasty.The book Sima Qian provides readers with a brief history of the grand historian and his talent as a writer. Sima Qian is from a historian's family. His own life experience as court astrologer and Palace Attendant, and opportunities to travel broadly to most places in ancient China allowed him to obtain first hand information that enabled him to revisit the written history and collect new materials to rewrite history. Sima Qian had a complex life with dramatic ups and downs. He was imprisoned due to the fact that he bravely spoke up to protect the unfairly persecuted general. Fighting against the tragedy he pulled himself together and completed the Shift. The trajectory of his life spelt the complexity of the politics and nature of China's feudal society. By reading the book Sima Qian one can taste the long, vivid and complex history of Chinese feudal society. The 130-chapter Shift is a gold mine of ancient Chinese history. It not only provides readers with the major historians, and social events, but also the social culture shaped by these figures and events. Sima Qian's Shift is a splendid literature to readers in China and worldwide. Like Samual Johnson is the father of English literature and the dictionary, Sima Qian is the father of China's history and literature. He set the standard and model for recording Chinese history for later historiographers.

编辑推荐

《司马迁》为《中国思想家评传》简明读本：中英文版。