出版时间:2013-12 出版社:电子工业出版社 作者:陈为,沈则潜
Tag标签:无
内容概要
全书共有16 章,分为4 篇。基础篇,阐述数据可视化的基础理论和概念,从人的感知和认知出发,介绍数据模型和可视化基础;时空数据篇,介绍带有空间坐标或时间信息的数据的可视化方法,此类数据通过设备在真实物理空间中采集得到或由科学计算模拟产生;非时空数据篇,描述非结构化和非几何的抽象数据的可视化,这些数据既存在于真实物理空间,又是社会空间和网络信息空间的基本表达形式;用户篇,介绍面向各类数据的可视化在实际应用中共同需要的方法、技术和工具,例如交互和可视化评测方法,以及在具体领域的可视化和应用系统。
本书从研究者的角度,介绍数据可视化的定义、方法、效用和工具,既可作为初学者的领路手册,也可用于可视化研究和可视化工具使用的参考指南。
书籍目录
基 础 篇
第1 章 数据可视化简介 ............................................................................2
1.1 可视化释义 ..................................................................................................2
1.2 可视化简史 .......................................................................................................8
1.3 数据可视化详解 ............................................................................................................23
1.3.1 数据科学的发展 .................................................................................................23
1.3.2 数据可视化的意义 .............................................................................................25
1.3.3 数据可视化分类 .................................................................................................29
1.3.4 数据可视化与其他学科领域的关系 .................................................................38
1.4 数据可视化研究挑战 ....................................................................................................43
参考文献 .........................................................................................................44
第2 章 视觉感知与认知 ..........................................................................47
2.1 视觉感知和认知 ............................................................................................................47
2.1.1 视觉感知和认知的定义 .....................................................................................48
2.1.2 视觉感知处理过程 .............................................................................................48
2.1.3 格式塔理论 .........................................................................................................49
2.2 颜色 ...............................................................................................................................54
2.2.1 颜色刺激理论 .....................................................................................................54
2.2.2 色彩空间 .............................................................................................................58
2.3 视觉编码原则 ................................................................................................................62
2.3.1 相对性和绝对性 .................................................................................................63
2.3.2 标记和视觉通道 .................................................................................................64
2.3.3 视觉通道的概念 .................................................................................................66
2.3.4 视觉通道的特性 .................................................................................................72
参考文献 ..........................................................................................................81
第3 章 数据 ............................................................................................84
3.1 数据释义 ..................................................................................................84
3.1.1 数据基础 .............................................................................................................84
3.1.2 数据科学及过程 .................................................................................................87
3.2 数据获取和预处理 ........................................................................................................91
3.2.1 数据获取 .............................................................................................................91
3.2.2 数据预处理 .........................................................................................................92
3.3 数据组织与管理 ............................................................................................................93
3.3.1 数据清洗与精简 .................................................................................................95
3.3.2 数据整合与集成 .................................................................................................97
3.3.3 数据库 .................................................................................................................99
3.3.4 数据仓库 ...........................................................................................................102
3.4 数据分析与挖掘 ..........................................................................................................103
3.4.1 探索式数据分析 ...............................................................................................105
3.4.2 联机分析处理 ...................................................................................................105
3.4.3 数据挖掘 ...........................................................................................................108
3.5 数据工作流 .......................................................................................................... 113
3.6 数据科学的挑战 .................................................................................................. 116
参考文献 ............................................................................................................... 117
第4 章 数据可视化基础 ........................................................................120
4.1 数据可视化基本框架 ..................................................................................................120
4.1.1 数据可视化流程 ...............................................................................................120
4.1.2 数据可视化设计 ...............................................................................................124
4.2 可视化中的数据 ..........................................................................................................127
4.2.1 数据认知 ...........................................................................................................127
4.2.2 数据类型 ...........................................................................................................127
4.3 可视化的基本图表 ......................................................................................................129
4.3.1 原始数据绘图 ...................................................................................................129
4.3.2 简单统计值标绘 ...............................................................................................134
4.3.3 多视图协调关联 ...............................................................................................135
4.4 可视化设计原则 ..........................................................................................................137
4.4.1 数据到可视化的直观映射 ...............................................................................137
4.4.2 视图选择与交互设计 .......................................................................................139
目录 XIII
4.4.3 信息密度——数据的筛选 ...............................................................................140
4.4.4 美学因素 ...........................................................................................................141
4.4.5 动画与过渡 .......................................................................................................143
4.4.6 可视化隐喻 .......................................................................................................147
4.4.7 颜色与透明度 ...................................................................................................148
4.5 可视化理论发展 ..........................................................................................................148
4.5.1 图形符号学 .......................................................................................................149
4.5.2 关系数据的图形表示 .......................................................................................150
4.5.3 图形语法 ...........................................................................................................151
4.5.4 基于数据类型的研究 .......................................................................................152
4.5.5 基于数据状态模型的研究 ...............................................................................153
4.5.6 多维关系数据库可视化分析系统 ...................................................................154
参考文献 .........................................................................................................155
时空数据篇
第5 章 空间标量场可视化 .....................................................................158
5.1 一维标量场可视化 ......................................................................................................158
5.2 二维标量场可视化 ......................................................................................................160
5.2.1 颜色映射 ...........................................................................................................161
5.2.2 等值线提取 .......................................................................................................162
5.2.3 高度图 ...............................................................................................................162
5.3 三维标量场数据可视化 ..............................................................................................163
5.3.1 空间数据表达 ...................................................................................................165
5.3.2 空间数据特征计算 ...........................................................................................169
5.3.3 间接体绘制 .......................................................................................................173
5.3.4 规则三维标量场的直接体可视化 ...................................................................178
5.3.5 不规则体数据的体可视化 ...............................................................................201
参考文献 ..................................................................................................212
第6 章 地理信息可视化 ........................................................................220
6.1 地图投影 .........................................................................................221
6.1.1 墨卡托投影 .......................................................................................................221
6.1.2 亚尔勃斯投影 ...................................................................................................223
6.1.3 方位角投影 .......................................................................................................224
6.2 点数据的可视化 ..........................................................................................................225
6.3 线数据的可视化 ..........................................................................................................230
6.4 区域数据的可视化 ......................................................................................................235
6.4.1 Choropleth 地图 ................................................................................................235
6.4.2 Cartogram ..........................................................................................................237
6.4.3 规则形状地图 ...................................................................................................238
6.4.4 多元关系地图 ...................................................................................................239
6.5 地理信息可视化的应用 ..............................................................................................241
6.5.1 地球与生存环境 ...............................................................................................241
6.5.2 城市与日常生活 ...............................................................................................243
6.5.3 地理时空数据 ...................................................................................................246
6.5.4 复杂地理数据的可视分析 ...............................................................................247
6.6 地理信息可视化的其他挑战 ......................................................................................249
6.6.1 地图标注 ...........................................................................................................249
6.6.2 地图综合 ...........................................................................................................249
6.6.3 在线地图 ...........................................................................................................249
参考文献 ................................................................................................250
第7 章 大规模多变量空间数据场可视化 ...............................................253
7.1 大规模空间标量场数据的实时体可视化 ..................................................................254
7.1.1 大规模空间标量场数据的单机绘制 ...............................................................254
7.1.2 大规模空间标量场数据的并行绘制 ...............................................................254
7.1.3 时变空间标量场数据加速绘制方法 ...............................................................255
7.2 时变异构空间数据场的特征追踪与可视化 ..............................................................256
7.2.1 时变空间标量场数据的特征提取 ...................................................................257
7.2.2 异构数据的特征融合 .......................................................................................257
7.2.3 时变空间标量场数据的特征追踪 ...................................................................258
7.3 空间向量场数据可视化 ..............................................................................................260
7.3.1 图标法 ...............................................................................................................261
7.3.2 几何法 ...............................................................................................................263
7.3.3 纹理法 ...............................................................................................................268
7.3.4 拓扑法 ..............................................................................................................271
7.4 空间张量场数据可视化 ..............................................................................................273
7.4.1 张量场的数学描述 ...........................................................................................274
7.4.2 基于几何的方法 ...............................................................................................277
7.4.3 基于纹理的方法 ...............................................................................................280
7.4.4 基于拓扑的方法 ...............................................................................................283
7.4.5 高阶张量场可视化 ...........................................................................................285
7.5 多变量空间数据场可视化 ..........................................................................................287
7.5.1 多变量空间数据场的数据分析与表达 ...........................................................288
7.5.2 多变量空间数据场的可视化与交互 ...............................................................289
参考文献 ............................................................................................................292
第8 章 时变数据可视化 ........................................................................302
8.1 时间属性的可视化 ......................................................................................................304
8.1.1 线性和周期时间可视化 ...................................................................................304
8.1.2 日历时间可视化 ...............................................................................................307
8.1.3 分支和多角度时间可视化 ...............................................................................309
8.1.4 时间属性的动态可视化 ...................................................................................313
8.2 多变量时变型数据可视化 ..........................................................................................314
8.2.1 基于线表示的可视化 .......................................................................................314
8.2.2 基于图结构的可视化 .......................................................................................317
8.2.3 时间序列数据的可视化交互 ...........................................................................318
8.3 流数据可视化 .................................................................................319
8.3.1 流数据可视化模型 ...........................................................................................320
8.3.2 流数据处理技术 ...............................................................................................321
8.3.3 流数据可视化案例 ...........................................................................................324
8.3.4 并行流计算框架 ...............................................................................................329
参考文献 ..................................................................................................331
非时空数据篇
第9 章 层次和网络数据可视化 ..............................................................336
9.1 层次数据 ...............................................................................................336
9.1.1 层次数据的可视化 ...........................................................................................339
9.1.2 节点- 链接法 ...................................................................................................340
9.1.3 空间填充法 .......................................................................................................346
9.1.4 其他方法 ...........................................................................................................351
9.2 网络数据 .......................................................................................353
9.2.1 网络和图 ...........................................................................................................353
9.2.2 网络数据可视化 ...............................................................................................354
9.2.3 网络数据的地图隐喻可视化 ...........................................................................365
9.2.4 超图及其可视化 ...............................................................................................368
9.2.5 动态网络数据可视化 .......................................................................................371
9.2.6 图可视化的视觉效果 .......................................................................................372
9.2.7 图可视化中的交互 ...........................................................................................378
9.2.8 网络数据可视化的挑战 ...................................................................................380
参考文献 ...................................................................................................381
第10 章 文本和文档可视化 ...................................................................387
10.1 文本可视化释义 ........................................................................................................387
10.1.1 文本信息的层级 .............................................................................................387
10.1.2 文本可视化的研究内容 .................................................................................388
10.1.3 文本可视化流程 .............................................................................................388
10.2 文本信息分析基础 ....................................................................................................390
10.2.1 分词技术和词干提取 .....................................................................................390
10.2.2 向量空间模型 .................................................................................................390
10.2.3 主题抽取 .........................................................................................................392
10.3 文本内容可视化 ........................................................................................................393
10.3.1 基于关键词的文本内容可视化 .....................................................................393
10.3.2 时序性的文本内容可视化 .............................................................................397
10.3.3 文本特征的分布模式可视化 .........................................................................400
10.3.4 情感分析可视化 .............................................................................................403
10.3.5 文档信息检索可视化 .....................................................................................405
10.3.6 软件可视化 .....................................................................................................406
10.4 文本关系可视化 ........................................................................................................408
10.4.1 基于图的文本关系可视化 .............................................................................408
10.4.2 文档集合关系可视化 .....................................................................................409
10.5 文本多层面信息的可视表达 ....................................................................................413
10.6 总结 ....................................................................................................415
参考文献 .................................................................................................415
第11 章 跨媒体数据可视化 ...................................................................418
11.1 图像 ...............................................................................................418
11.1.1 图像网格 .........................................................................................................418
11.1.2 时空采样 .........................................................................................................419
11.1.3 基于相似性的图像集可视化 .........................................................................420
11.1.4 基于海塞图的社交图像可视化 .....................................................................422
11.2 视频 ..................................................................................................422
11.2.1 视频概要可视化 .............................................................................................423
11.2.2 视频立方 .........................................................................................................424
11.2.3 视频可视摘要 .................................................................................................426
11.3 声音与音乐 ................................................................................................................427
11.3.1 声乐波形可视化 .............................................................................................429
11.3.2 声乐结构的可视化 .........................................................................................429
11.4 超媒体 ..........................................................................................432
11.4.1 微博可视化 .....................................................................................................434
11.4.2 社交网络可视化 .............................................................................................441
11.4.3 数字生活可视化 .............................................................................................450
参考文献 ................................................................................................453
第12 章 复杂高维多元数据的可视化 ....................................................456
12.1 高维多元数据 ............................................................................................................457
12.1.1 空间映射法 .....................................................................................................458
12.1.2 图标法 .............................................................................................................467
12.1.3 基于像素图的方法 .........................................................................................469
12.2 非结构化与异构数据的可视化 ................................................................................472
12.2.1 非结构化数据 .................................................................................................472
12.2.2 异构数据 .........................................................................................................474
12.3 大尺度数据的可视化 ................................................................................................477
12.3.1 基于并行的大尺度数据高分辨率可视化 .....................................................477
12.3.2 大尺度数据的分而治之可视化与分析 .........................................................480
12.4 数据不确定性的可视化 ............................................................................................483
12.4.1 不确定性的基本定义 .....................................................................................484
12.4.2 不确定性的来源 .............................................................................................484
12.4.3 不确定性的可视化方法 .................................................................................485
参考文献 ..............................................................................................498
用 户 篇
第13 章 可视化中的交互 ......................................................................504
13.1 交互准则 ............................................................................................505
13.1.1 交互延时 .........................................................................................................505
13.1.2 交互成本 .........................................................................................................507
13.1.3 交互场景变化 .................................................................................................508
13.2 交互分类 ..........................................................................................509
13.2.1 按低阶交互操作分类 .....................................................................................509
13.2.2 按交互操作符与空间分类 .............................................................................510
13.2.3 按交互任务分类 .............................................................................................510
13.3 交互技术 .................................................................................................. 511
13.3.1 选择 ................................................................................................................. 511
13.3.2 导航 .................................................................................................................512
13.3.3 重配 .................................................................................................................514
13.3.4 编码 .................................................................................................................515
13.3.5 抽象/ 具象 ......................................................................................................515
13.3.6 过滤 .................................................................................................................516
13.3.7 关联 .................................................................................................................519
13.3.8 概览+ 细节 ....................................................................................................520
13.3.9 焦点+ 上下文 ................................................................................................522
13.4 交互与硬件设备 ........................................................................................................532
13.4.1 交互环境 .........................................................................................................532
13.4.2 交互设备 .........................................................................................................534
参考文献 ..................................................................................................537
第14 章 可视化评测 ..............................................................................543
14.1 评测流程 ........................................................................................544
14.2 影响评测效度的因素 ................................................................................................545
14.2.1 参与用户 .........................................................................................................545
14.2.2 测试任务 .........................................................................................................546
14.2.3 数据类型 .........................................................................................................547
14.2.4 评测指标 .........................................................................................................549
14.3 评测方法 ............................................................................................550
14.4 评测实例分析 ............................................................................................................551
14.5 总结 .............................................................................................558
参考文献 .......................................................................................................558
第15 章 面向领域的数据可视化 ............................................................560
15.1 高性能科学计算 ........................................................................................................560
15.1.1 高性能科学可视化的挑战 .............................................................................561
15.1.2 重要信息的提取和显示 .................................................................................564
15.1.3 原位可视化 .....................................................................................................566
15.1.4 未来挑战 .........................................................................................................568
15.2 生命科学 .........................................................................................569
15.2.1 临床医学影像 .................................................................................................569
15.2.2 其他影像 .........................................................................................................574
15.2.3 电生理信号 .....................................................................................................576
15.2.4 OMICS 组学 ...................................................................................................580
15.3 其他科学与艺术 ........................................................................................................584
15.3.1 气候学与气象中的可视化 .............................................................................584
15.3.2 面向艺术的表意性可视化 .............................................................................587
15.4 网络与系统安全的可视化 ........................................................................................591
15.4.1 基于可视变换的虫洞攻击可视化 .................................................................591
15.4.2 可信计算的可视化 .........................................................................................592
15.4.3 安全日志数据的可视化 .................................................................................593
15.5 商业智能可视化 ........................................................................................................593
15.5.1 商业智能 .........................................................................................................593
15.5.2 商业智能中的数据可视化 .............................................................................594
15.5.3 未来趋势 .........................................................................................................599
15.6 金融数据可视化 ........................................................................................................599
15.6.1 金融可视化图表元素 .....................................................................................599
15.6.2 金融数据可视分析 .........................................................................................602
参考文献 ..................................................................................................605
第16 章 可视化研究与开发资源 ............................................................ 611
16.1 可视化软件 ................................................................................................... 611
16.1.1 医学可视化软件 ............................................................................................. 611
16.1.2 科学可视化软件 .............................................................................................614
16.1.3 信息可视化软件 .............................................................................................617
16.1.4 可视分析软件 .................................................................................................622
16.2 可视化开发工具 ........................................................................................................623
16.2.1 应用程序开发工具 .........................................................................................623
16.2.2 Web 应用开发工具.........................................................................................626
16.3 数据分析和数据挖掘软件与开发工具 ....................................................................627
16.4 可视化数据集资源 ....................................................................................................629
16.5 可视化信息资源 ........................................................................................................630
16.6 可视化研究机构 ........................................................................................................631
16.6.1 大陆可视化科研机构 .....................................................................................631
16.6.2 海外可视化科研机构 .....................................................................................632
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