中国喀斯特-奇峰异洞的世界

出版时间：2012-7  出版社：高等教育出版社  作者：卢耀如  页数：378  字数：700000  

内容概要

　　Karst in China is of great social significance. Not only is it
closely involved in many aspects of people's daily life and
national economic construction projects such as water conservation，
hydropower， railways， expressways，seaports， airports， mines and
municipal and urban
　　construction etc， but it is also intimately interactive with
agriculture， eco-systems and the geo-environment. Karst in China——A
World of Improbable Peaks and Wonderful Caves is a remarkable
scientific monograph. With a host of photos and figures as well as
vivid writing，
　　it reveals the features and rules of karst development in China，
reflects upon construction achievements， and summarizes a
lifetime's experience of geological studies in these great karst
lands.

作者简介

　　Lu Yaoru's Academic Posts：Senior research fellow of the
Chinese Academy ofGeological Sciences;Professor of Department of
Geotechnical Engineering，School of Civil Engineering， Tongji
University， Shanghai;Member of the Chinese Academy of
Engineering;Honorary President of Guizhou Normal University;Member
of the Expert Committee of the National Commission for Hazard
Reduction， China;Member of the National Environmental Consultative
Committee， China.
　　Research Interests:Karst and hydro-engineering and environmental
geology.
　　Education:1950-1952， department of Geology， Tsinghua
University.1952-1953， transferred to study at the department of
hydrogeology and engineering， Beijing Institute of Geology（due to
the adjustment of colleges and departments in 1953），and graduated
ahead oftime with a bachelor's degree.
　　Professional Experiences:For more than fifty years， Professor Lu
Yaoru has been undertaking the research and surveying for a series
of water conservation and water power construction projects
　　including hundreds of water control projects on the Yangtze
River， Yellow River， Zhujiang River， Huaihe River， etc.， such as
the Sanxia（Three Gorges），Wujiangdu and Xin'an Jiang projects. He
has directed the investigations and research for construction of
railways， cities and towns etc， contributed to the economic
development of karst regions by studying karst geo-ecology and the
prevention and treatment of geo-hazards， first put forward the
concept of rocky desertification
　　and related understanding of geological and ecological
environment， and has developed a set of theories on the controls of
karst environmental and hydrogeologic evolution and their impacts
on engineering projects in karst terrains.In the early 1960s， Prof
Lu was in charge of the first karst research team in China and
participated in the establishment of the Institute of Karst
Geology. For his remarkable contributions to karst research and
engineering construction，Professor Lu Yaoru has long been dubbed
“Karst Lu”!

书籍目录

The Introduction to the Basic Karst Features and the History of
Karst Research in China
Ⅰ Basic factors and conditions ofkarst development
（Ⅰ） L ithologic character of soluble rocks
（Ⅱ） Dissolution capacity of water
Ⅱ Major factors that affect karst development
（Ⅰ） The effect of geological structures on karst development
（Ⅱ） The effect of climatic factors on karst development
Ⅲ Characteristics of the karst geo-environment
（Ⅰ） Resources
（Ⅱ） Hazards
Ⅳ A brief history of karst investigation, research and development
in China
（Ⅰ） The history of karst research in China
（Ⅱ） Progress in karst survey and research since the founding of the
People‘s Republic of China
（Ⅲ） The direction of karst research in the future
PartⅠ Karst Types and Development Conditions
Ⅰ Carbonate Rock Karst（bare and semi bare）CRK
（Ⅰ） General Corrosion（Holokarst Karst Type（K）
（Ⅱ） Partly Corrosional（Special Structural）Merokarst Type（KS）
（Ⅲ） Hydrothermal Rugged Karst Type（MK）
（Ⅳ） Corrosion-Glaciation Karst Types（KI）
（Ⅴ） Corrosion-Denudation Karst Type（KD）
（Ⅵ） Corrosion-Erosion Karst Type（KE）
（Ⅶ） Corrosion-Abrasion Karst Type（KA）
Ⅱ Buried Carbonate Karst（CK and BK）
Ⅲ Sulphate Karst（SRK）
Ⅳ Halide Rock Karst（HRA）
Ⅴ Homologous Karst（PK）
PartⅡ Karst Caves and Their Processes of Development
Ⅰ Famous karst caves
（Ⅰ） Ludi Yan Cave, Guangxi
（Ⅱ） Yao Lin Cave, Zhejiang
（Ⅲ） Yuhua Cave, Fujian
（Ⅳ） Shihua Cave, Beijing
Ⅱ The most beautiful caves
（Ⅰ） Zhijin Cave,Guizhou
（Ⅱ） Furong Cave,Chongqing
（Ⅲ） Huanglong Cave,Hunan
（Ⅳ） Tenglong Cave, Hubei
（Ⅴ） Xueyu Cave,Chongqing
（Ⅵ） Shuidong Cave,Benxi,Liaoning
Ⅲ Distinctive caves
（Ⅰ） The longest cave system-Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou
（Ⅱ） The deepest cave system
（Ⅲ） ‘Hot Cave’system
（Ⅳ） Summer ice cave system
Ⅳ The characteristics of water flow in caves and related
morphology
（Ⅰ） Subsurface streams
（Ⅱ） Underground rivers
（Ⅲ） Underground waterfall（Dark waterfall）
（Ⅳ） Underground lakes and pools
Ⅴ The mechanism of mixed（three-phase）flow an the forms that they
create in caves
（Ⅰ） Mechanical characteristics of gas-phase flow
（Ⅱ） Three-phase flow evolution in a cave roof
（Ⅲ） Lateral erosion in caves
（Ⅳ） Roof erosion in caves
（Ⅴ） Erosion and corrosion on the bottoms of cave passages
Ⅵ Some distinctive deposits in caves
（Ⅰ） Deposits in cold conditions
（Ⅱ） Sedimentation in hydrothermal water
（Ⅲ） Biological sedimentary activity in caves
（Ⅳ） Deposition by mixed reactions in caves
Ⅶ Flowing water travertine（speleothem）depositic in normal
temperatures
（Ⅰ） Deposits of seepage water
（Ⅱ） Deposits of tubular water flow
（Ⅲ） Deposits of fissure water fiow
（Ⅳ） Deposits of schistose water flow
（Ⅴ） Deposits offloor flow
（Ⅵ） Deposits of capillary water flow
（Ⅶ） Deposits of splashing water flow
Ⅱ Microstructure of soluble rocks
（Ⅰ） Ultrastructure of gypsum
（Ⅱ） Microstructure of gypsum
（Ⅲ） Ultrastructure of carbonate rocks
（Ⅳ） Microstructure of carbonate rocks
Ⅲ Corrosion, corrosional grooves and other markings on
rockfaces
（Ⅰ） Corroded grooves and markings by water erosion
（Ⅱ） Biological corrosion forms
（Ⅲ） Corrosion by flowing water
Ⅳ Phenomena of focused corrosion
（Ⅰ） Corrosional bedding planes
（Ⅱ） Corroded fissures（fractures）
（Ⅲ） Corroded faults
（Ⅳ） Karren cleft patterns
（Ⅴ） Corrosional teeth and pillars（pinnacle karst）
Ⅴ Processes ofkarst geomorphic development
（Ⅰ） Concave karst forms
（Ⅱ） Karst funnels and shafts
（Ⅲ） Karst depressions
（Ⅳ） Karst hills and mounts-corrosional hills
（Ⅴ） Karst peaks-corroded peaks
（Ⅵ） Residual ridges and rock benches
Ⅵ Processes of cave development
（Ⅰ） Corroded pits and pores
（Ⅱ） Geodes-crystal-lined pores and cavities
……
Part Ⅲ The Processes of Karst Development

章节摘录

版权页：   插图：    Ⅵ Hydropower Development (Ⅰ)Introduction of large-scale hydropower stationsWestern China is endowed with rich water resources.A number ohydropower stations have been constructed on the main channel ofthe Yangtze River and its tributaries(including the Qingjiang River,the Wujiang River,the Minjiang River and the Jinshajiang River),onthe upper reaches of the Pearl River(including the Hongshui River,the Nanpan River and Beipan River)as well as on the LantsangRiver etc.Some dams have been constructed in karst areas andothers in areas that include extensive carbonate rocks.For instance,anumber of hydropower stations have been constructed in karst areason the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Guanting Dam was the first one constructed in the karstifiedareas of Hebei,North China.The height of the dam was only45m and the volume of storage,20x108m3.Immediately after itsconstruction in 1955 leakage and collapses occurred.Survey andresearch found three leakage channels which had to be dealt withproperly so as to guarantee the safety of the dam.The experiencewith the Guangting Dam helped improve subsequent constructionof hydropower stations in other karst regions.The WujiangduReservoir was constructed in the early 1980s in Guizhou,southwestChina.The dam reached I65m in height and the installed capacity was630xI0~KW.Based on thorough pre-construction survey,a series ofmeasures including high pressure grouting were adopted.Thanks tothese effective measures,no leakage or collapses ever occurred.Later,the installed capacity was increased to almost one million KW. Based on the successful experience with the Wujiangdu Damon the Wujiang River,recent years have seen a series of cascadedevelopments of hydropower along a given river,for instance,theHongjiadu Reservoir and Suofengying Reservoir on the upperreaches of the Wujiang,the Geheyan Dam and Shuibuya Dam onthe Qingjiang River,as well as the Wanjiangzhai Dam on the upperreaches of the Yellow River. There were originally two potential dam sites for the constructionof the Three Gorges water conservancy project.One was theSandouping dam area on igneous rocks,and the other theNanjinguan dana area on carbonate rocks(Lu Yaoru,1959c-e).Basedon years of survey,the final choice went to the Sandouping siteeven though there were extensive outcrops of carbonate rocks in itsreservoir area.Currently,the installed capacity for the Three Gorgesproject can reach 1820x104KW.

编辑推荐

《中国的喀斯特:奇峰异洞的世界》由高等教育出版社出版。