出版时间:2008-10 出版社:高等教育出版社 作者:李传伟 页数:211
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前言
有效提高应试能力、迅速提高考分一直是广大托福考生梦寐以求的目标。为了帮助考生实现这一目标,我特邀哈佛大学专家共同编写了托福考试高分策略系列丛书,包含阅读、听力、口语与写作四个分册。本丛书力求从学习方法、应试策略、全真考题分析及解答等方面帮助考生短期内提升托福考试成绩。 相对于旧托福(中国大陆的托福考试一直实行纸笔考试)而言,现在的托福(TOEFL iBT_一托福网考)出现了一些变化。
内容概要
本书作为一本托福阅读的辅导书籍,体现了技巧与能力并重的特点。一方面,本书作者根据实战经验、教学实践和深入研究,给考生提供阅读十大题型全面、精准的做题技巧与方法,如“插入文本题”的三步法等,给考生带来立竿见影的效果;另一方面,为了提高考生的英语能力,使他们在考试时能以不变应万变,本书还从托福阅读学习技能——词汇、难句等方面给考生学习提供指导。另外,“托福阅读常考同义词对表”和“托福阅读核心词汇”更是托福考试制胜的利器,二者总结了托福阅读中常考的词汇,对于准备托福的考生来说是不可多得的材料。此外,本书提供的大量分题型与整套全真模拟练习也是十分宝贵的学习资料,使考生可以进一步验证和巩固所学知识。
书籍目录
第一部分 托福阅读简介 第一章 托福考试介绍 一、试卷结构 二、托福FAQ 三、托福成绩单解读 第二章 托福阅读概况 一、试题结构 二、文章 特点 三、问题类型 四、五大特色 五、分数计算 六、高分标准 第三章 托福阅读四大学习策略 一、词汇是基础——词汇记忆策略 二、句子是关键——难句把握策略 三、背景是补充——背景积累策略 四、课外是保障——阅读扩充策略第二部分 托福阅读应试技巧 第一章 托福文章 阅读法、笔记法与做题法 一、结构阅读法 二、核心词笔记法 三、对应做题法 第二章 托福阅读考点设置 一、举例 二、转折 三、列举 四、比较 五、因果 六、结构 第三章 托福阅读题型特点与做题技巧 一、事实信息题 二、指代题 三、否定事实信息题 四、修辞目的题 五、推理题 六、词汇题 七、句子简化题 八、插入文本题 九、文章 总结题 十、信息归类题 十一、其他题型第三部分 托福阅读词汇与难句 第一章 托福阅读常考同义词对表 第二章 托福阅读核心词汇 第三章 托福阅读学科分类词汇 第四章 托福阅读经典难句120句第四部分 托福阅读全真模拟练习 Reading Section Practice Test 1 Reading Section Practice Test 2附录 考试经验——亲历新托福练习答案
章节摘录
During the second stage, improvements in hygiene, medical care, and food pro-duction led to a decrease in the death rate in newly industrializing regions of WesternEurope. However, birth rates remained high due to tradition and because many peoplewere involved in agrarian occupations. The combination of a lowered CDR and a stableCBR led to dramatic increases in population starting at the beginning of the nineteenthcentury. In stage three, birth rates also began to fall. In cities there was less incentive toproduce large numbers of children, since city dwellers no longer worked the land, andthe cost of raising children in an urban environment was greater than in rural districts.Furthermore, more children survived into adulthood due to improved living condi-tions. These economic pressures led to a lower CBR and over time the numbers of peo-ple being born started to approximate the numbers dying. The final stage, which some demographers have called the postindustrial stage, oc-curs when birth rates and death rates are about equal. In this case there is zero naturalpopulation growth. Over time the birth rate may fall below the death rate, and withoutimmigration the total population may slowly decrease. By the early twenty-first centu-ry, several European countries were experiencing population declines due to the CDRoutstripping the CBR. For example, in Italy in 2004 there were about 9 births per thou-sand against 10 deaths per thousand. The demographic transition took about 200 years to complete in Europe. Many de-veloping countries are still in stage two of the demographic transition model: births faroutstrip deaths. In these countries, CDR has declined due to improvements in sanita-tion and increases in food productivity, but the birth rate has still not adjusted down-ward to the new realities of improved living conditions. The imbalance of births overdeaths in the developing world is the fundamental reason for the dramatic populationexplosion in the latter half of the twentieth century. However, population statisticsindicate that in many less developed countries the CBRs have begun to decline overrecent decades, giving rise to optimism in some quarters about future trends. The rapidindustrialization of many parts of the developing world has meant that these countrieshave reached stage three of the model much faster than countries in the developedworld did during the nineteenth century. This fact has led many demographers to pre-dict that world population will reach an equilibrium level sooner and at a lower totalthan more pessimistic earlier predictions.
编辑推荐
《新航道·新托福阅读高分策略》托福网考全面揭秘,托福阅读详细解码,十大题型权威有效,能力技巧同步提高。
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