秦岭小蛾类

出版时间：2012-3  出版社：科学出版社  作者：李后魂  页数：1307  

内容概要

　　《秦岭小蛾类·昆虫纲：鳞翅目》介绍了鳞翅目昆虫的最新分类系统和研究动向，总结了秦岭地区鳞翅目小蛾类昆虫的研究成果。涉及秦岭小蛾类13总科28科423属1043种，详细记述26科360属835种，其中包括1个新种、3个中国新纪录属和36个中国新纪录种，提出了1个属级异名、2个种级异名、6种新组合以及替代名和恢复名各1种。首次报道5个种的雌性与1个种的雄性个体。并提供每个种的雌雄外生殖器等特征图和成虫彩色图版。　　《秦岭小蛾类·昆虫纲：鳞翅目》对增进中国生物多样性的了解和促进相关学科的发展有积极作用，为有关农林害虫的治理提供基础资料。本书主要适用于有关专业大专院校的师生、生物多样性研究人员、森林保护及植物保护工作者。

书籍目录

前言英文摘要总论一、鳞翅目分类系统二、鳞翅目总科以上阶元分类检索表各论蝙蝠蛾总科HEPIALOIDEA蝙蝠蛾科Hepialidae蝠蛾属Hepialus Fabricius,1775谷蛾总科TINEOIDEA谷蛾科Tineidae山地谷蛾属Montetinea Petersen,1957母地谷蛾属Matratinea Sziráki,1990殊宇谷蛾属Dinica Gozmány,1965蜂宇谷蛾属Cephimallota Bruand,1851褐宇谷蛾属Cephitinea Zagulajev,1964斑谷蛾属Monopis Hübner,【1825】巢谷蛾属Niditinea Petersen,1957谷蛾属Tinea Linnaeus,1758幕谷蛾属Tineola Herrich-Sch?ffer,1853毡谷蛾属Trichophaga Ragonot,1894扁蛾属Opogona Zeller,1853蓑蛾科Psychidae窠蓑蛾属Clania Walker,1855细蛾总科GRACILLARIOIDEA细蛾科Gracillariidae细蛾亚科Gracillariinae纹细蛾属Leucospilapteryx Spuler,1910中国新纪录尖细蛾属Acrocercops Wallengren,1881贝细蛾属Eteoryctis Kumata et Kuroko,1988丽细蛾属Caloptilia Hübner,1825皮细蛾属Spulerina Vári,1961麦蛾总科GELECHIOIDEA织蛾科Oecophoridae织蛾亚科Oecophorinae展足蛾亚科Stathmopodinae恒织蛾属Letogenes Meyrick,1921小潜蛾科Elachistidae宽蛾亚科Depressariinae宽蛾属Depressaria Haworth,1811异宽蛾属Agonopterix Hübner,【1825】佳宽蛾属Eutorna Meyrick,1889凹宽蛾属Acria Stephens,1834草蛾亚科Ethmiinae草蛾属Ethmia Hübner,【1819】列蛾科Autostichidae列蛾属Autosticha Meyrick,1886木蛾科Xyloryctidae隆木蛾属Aeolanthes Meyrick,1907叉木蛾属Metathrinca Meyrick,1908祝蛾科Lecithoceridae祝蛾亚科Lecithocerinae祝蛾属Lecithcera Herrich-Sch?ffer,1853素祝蛾属Homaloxestis Meyrick,1910宽银祝蛾属Issikiopteryx Moriuti,1973福利祝蛾属Frisilia Walker,1864匙唇祝蛾属Spatulignatha Gozmány,1978槐祝蛾属Sarisophora Meyrick,1904瘤祝蛾亚科Torodorinae瘤祝蛾属Torodora Meyrick,1894白斑祝蛾属Thubana Walker,1864三角祝蛾属Deltoplastis Meyrick,1925麦蛾科Gelechiidae光麦蛾属Photodotis Meyrick,1911遮颜蛾科Blastobasidae遮颜蛾亚科Blastobasinae弯遮颜蛾属Hypatopa Walsingham,1907中国新纪录新遮颜蛾属Neoblastobasis Kuznetzov et Sinev,1985中国新纪录鞘蛾科Coleophoridae金鞘蛾属Goniodoma Zeller鞘蛾属Coleophora Hübner尖蛾科Cosmopterigidae栎尖蛾亚科Antequerinae迈尖蛾属Macrobathra Meyrick,1886尖蛾亚科Cosmopteriginae尖蛾属Cosmopterix Hübner,【1825】离尖蛾属Labdia Walker,1864模尖蛾属Meleonoma Meyrick,1914绢蛾科Scythrididae绢蛾属Scythris Hübner,【1825】粪蛾总科COPROMORPHOIDEA蛀果蛾科Carposinidae蛀果蛾属Carposina Herrich-Sch?ffer,1853洁蛀果蛾属Meridarchis Zeller,1867巢蛾总科YPONOMEUTOIDEA菜蛾科Plutellidae菜蛾属Plutella Schrank,1802冠翅蛾科Ypsolophidae冠翅蛾属Ypsolopha Latreille,1796巢蛾科Yponomeutidae巢蛾亚科Yponomeutinae小白巢蛾属Thecobathra Meyrick,1922雪巢蛾属Niphonympha Meyrick,1914巢蛾属Yponomeuta Latreille,1896异巢蛾属Teinoptila Sauber,1902带巢蛾属Cedestis Zeller,1839褐巢蛾属Metanomeuta Meyrick,1935伪巢蛾亚科Praydinae伪巢蛾属Prays Hübner,1826银蛾亚科Argyresthiinae银蛾属Argyresthia Hübner,1826网蛾总科THYRIDOIDEA网蛾科Thyrididae尖尾网蛾属Thyris Laspeyres,1803斜线网蛾属Striglina Guenée,1877拱肩网蛾属Camptochilus Hampson1893黑线网蛾属Rhodoneura Guenée,1858螟蛾总科PYRALOIDEA螟蛾科Pyralidae蜡螟亚科Galleriinae织螟属Aphomia Hübner,1825缀螟属Paralipsa Butler,1879垂须螟属Cataprosopus Butler,1881丛螟亚科Epipaschiinae鳞丛螟属Lepidogma Meyrick,1890纹丛螟属Stericta Lederer,1863网丛螟属Teliphasa Moore,1888彩丛螟属Lista Walker,1859螟蛾亚科Pyralinae螟蛾属Pyralis Linnaeus,1758双点螟属Orybina Snellen,1895厚须螟属Arctioblepsis Felder et Felder,1862长须螟属Trebania Ragonot,1891巢螟属Hypsopygia Hübner,1825歧角螟属Endotricha Zeller,1847斑螟亚科Phycitinae拟斑螟族Anerastiini Ragonot,1885幻拟斑螟属Postemmalocera Amsel,1955隐斑螟族Cryptoblabini Roesler,1968隐斑螟属Cryptoblabes Zeller,1848长颚斑螟属Edulicodes Roesler,1972 gen.rev.斑螟族Phycitini Zeller,1839斑螟亚族Phycitina Agenjo,1958栉角斑螟属Ceroprepes Zeller,1867簇斑螟属Psorosa Zeller,1846类荚斑螟属Etielloides Shibuya,1928巢斑螟属Faveria Walker,1859锯角斑螟属Pima Hulst,1888软斑螟属Asclerobia Roesler,1969脊斑螟属Salebria Zeller,1846蝶斑螟属Morosaphycita Horak,1997瘿斑螟属Pempelia Hübner,1825栗斑螟属Epicrocis Zeller,1848腹刺斑螟属Sacculocornutia Roesler,1971紫斑螟属Calguia Walker,1863云斑螟属Nephopterix Hübner,1825阴翅斑螟属Sciota Hulst,1888亮斑螟属Selagia Hübner,1825云翅斑螟属Oncocera Stephens,1829石斑螟属Laodamia Ragonot,1888梢斑螟属Dioryctria Zeller,1846荚斑螟属Etiella Zeller,1839峰斑螟亚族Acrobasiina Agenjo,1958峰斑螟属Acrobasis Zeller,1839拟峰斑螟属Anabasis Heinrich,1956茸斑螟属Trachycera Ragonot,1893伪峰斑螟属Pseudacrobasis Roesler,1975瘤翅斑螟属Caradjaria Roesler,1975叉斑螟属Furcata Du,Sung et Wu,2005暗斑螟属Euzophera Zeller,1867暗斑螟亚属Euzophera Zeller,1867萨斑螟亚属Cymbalorissa Gozmány,1958雕斑螟属Glyptoteles Zeller,1848夜斑螟属Nyctegretis Zeller,1848金斑螟属Aurana Walker,1863楝斑螟属Hypsipyla Ragonot,1888蛀果斑螟属Assara Walker,1863曲斑螟属Ancylosis Zeller,1839异曲斑螟亚属Heterographis Ragonot,1885圆曲斑螟亚属Cabotia Ragonot,1888骨斑螟属Patagoniodes Roesler,1969类斑螟属Phycitodes Hampson,1917谷斑螟属Plodia Guenée,1845拟果斑螟属Pseudocadra Roesler,1965果斑螟属Cadra Walker,1864草螟科Crambidae草螟亚科Crambinae巢草螟属Ancylolomia Hübner,1825禾草螟属Chilo Zincken,1817草螟属Crambus Fabricius,1798目草螟属Catoptria Hübner,1825金草螟属Chrysoteuchia Hübner,1825齿纹草螟属Elethyia Ragonot,1888双带草螟属Miyakea Marumo,1933微草螟属Glaucocharis Meyrick,1938黄草螟属Flavocrambus Bleszynski,1959广草螟属Platytes Guenée,1845银草螟属Pseudargyria Okano,1962并脉草螟属Neopediasia Okano,1962黄纹草螟属Xanthocrambus Bleszynski,1955白草螟属Pseudocatharylla Bleszynski,1961细草螟属Roxita Bleszynski,1963带草螟属Metaeuchromius Bleszynski,1960髓草螟属Calamotropha Zeller,1863薄翅螟亚科Evergestinae薄翅螟属Evergestis Hübner,【1825】1816水螟亚科Acentropinae塘水螟属Elophila Hübner,1822筒水螟属Parapoynx Hübner,1825波水螟属Paracymoriza Warren,1890斑水螟属Eoophyla Swinhoe,1900狭翅水螟属Eristena Warren,1896目水螟属Nymphicula Snellen,1880眉斑水螟属Ambia Walker,1859苔螟亚科Scopariinae苔螟属Scoparia Haworth,1811优苔螟属Eudonia Billberg,1820禾螟亚科Schoenobiinae禾螟属Schoenobius Duponchel,1836边禾螟属Catagela Walker,1863白禾螟属Scirpophaga Treitschke,1832野螟亚科Pyraustinae织叶野螟属Algedonia Lederer,1863棘趾野螟属Anania Hübner,1823镰翅野螟属Circobotys Butler,1879绒野螟属Crocidophora Lederer,1863淡黄野螟属Demobotys Munroe et Mutuura,1969细突野螟属Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner,【1825】1816窄翅野螟属Euclasta Lederer,1855线须野螟属Eurrhypara Hübner,【1825】1816锥额野螟属Loxostege Hübner,【1825】1816钝额野螟属Opsibotys Warren,1890秆野螟属Ostrinia Hübner,【1824-1825】宽突野螟属Paranomis Munroe et Mutuura,1968褶缘野螟属Paratalanta Meyrick,1890黑带野螟属Parbattia Moore,1888云斑野螟属Perinephela Hübner,【1825】1816黑野螟属Phlyctaenia Hübner,【1825】1816脊野螟属Proteurrhypara Munroe et Mutuura,1969羚野螟属Pseudebulea Butler,1881野螟属Pyrausta Schrank,1802双突野螟属Sitochroa Hübner,【1825】1816柔野螟属Tenerobotys Munroe et Mutuura,1971窗野螟属Torulisquama Zhang et Li,2010缨突野螟属Udea Guenée,【1845】1844长角野螟属Uresiphita Hübner,【1825】1816斑野螟亚科Spilomelinae角须野螟属Agrotera Schrank,1802斑翅野螟属Bocchoris Moore,1885缀叶野螟属Botyodes Guenée,1854暗野螟属Bradina Lederer,1863纵卷叶野螟属Cnaphalocrocis Lederer,1863多斑野螟属Conogethes Meyrick,1884绢野螟属Diaphania Hübner,1818纹翅野螟属Diasemia Hübner,1825缘野螟属Diplopseustis Meyrick,1884展须野螟属Eurrhyparodes Snellen,1880绢丝野螟属Glyphodes Guenée,1854褐环野螟属Haritalodes Warren,1890切叶野螟属Herpetogramma Lederer,1863蚀叶野螟属Lamprosema Hübner,1823豆荚野螟属Maruca Walker,1859伸喙野螟属Mecyna Doubleday,【1849】1850纹野螟属Metoeca Warren,1896牧野螟属Nomophila Hübner,【1825】1816大卷叶野螟属Notarcha Meyrick,1884啮叶野螟属Omiodes Guenée,1854绢须野螟属Palpita Hübner,【1808】扇野螟属Pleuroptya Meyrick,1890斑野螟属Polythlipta Lederer,1863卷野螟属Pycnarmon Lederer,1863角翅野螟属Pyradena Munroe,1958紫翅野螟属Rehimena Walker,1866楸蠹野螟属Sinomphisa Munroe,1958青野螟属Spoladea Guenée,1854卷叶野螟属Syllepte Hübner,1823须歧野螟属Trichophysetis Meyrick,1884黑纹野螟属Tyspanodes Warren,1891羽蛾总科PTEROPHOROIDEA羽蛾科Pterophoridae金羽蛾亚科Agdistinae金羽蛾属Agdistis Hübner,【1825】片羽蛾亚科Platyptiliinae盖羽蛾属Capperia Tutt,1905少脉羽蛾属Crombrugghia Tutt,1907小羽蛾属Fuscoptilia Arenberger,1991锥羽蛾属Gillmeria Tutt,1905枯羽蛾属Marasmarcha Meyrick,1886日羽蛾属Nippoptilia Matsumura,1931片羽蛾属Platyptilia Hübner,【1825】细羽蛾属Stenoptilia Hübner,【1825】秀羽蛾属Stenoptilodes Zimmerman,1958羽蛾亚科Pterophorinae脉羽蛾属Adaina Tutt,1905异羽蛾属Emmelina Tutt,1905鹰羽蛾属Gypsochares Meyrick,1890滑羽蛾属Hellinsia Tutt,1905冬羽蛾属Pselnophorus Wallengren,1881透翅蛾总科SESIOIDEA透翅蛾科Sesiidae兴透翅蛾属Synanthedon Hübner,1819准透翅蛾属Paranthrene Hübner,1819透翅蛾属Sesia Fabricius,1775斑蛾总科ZYGAENOIDEA斑蛾科Zygaenidae锦斑蛾亚科Chalcossinae透翅锦斑蛾属Agalope Walker,1854旭锦斑蛾属Campylotes Westwood,1840柄脉锦斑蛾属Eterusia Hope,1841新锦斑蛾属Neochalcosia Yen et Yang,1997黄点黑斑蛾属Soritia Walker,1854小斑蛾亚科Procridinae灿斑蛾属Clelea Walker,1854鹿斑蛾属Illiberis Walker,1854木蠹蛾总科COSSOIDEA木蠹蛾科Cossidae木蠹蛾属Cossus Fabricius,1794线角木蠧蛾属Holcocerus Staudinger,1884华木蠧蛾属Sinicossus Clench,1958眼木蠧蛾属Catopta Satudinger,1899等角木蠧蛾属Isoceras Turati,1924豹蠧蛾属Zeuzera Latreille,1804刺蛾科Limacodidae背刺蛾属Belippa Walker,1865眉刺蛾属Narosa Walker,1855钩纹刺蛾属Atosia Snellen,1900优刺蛾属Althonarosa Kawada,1930艳刺蛾属Demonarosa Matsumura,1931娜刺蛾属Narosoideus Matsumura,1911齿刺蛾属Rhamnosa Fixsen,1887银纹刺蛾属Miresa Walker,1855漪刺蛾属Iraga Matsumura,1927仿姹刺蛾属Chalcoscelides Hering,1931枯刺蛾属Mahanta Moore,1879球须刺蛾属Scopelodes Westwood,1841迷刺蛾属Chibiraga Matsumura,1931长须刺蛾属Hyphorma Walker,1865冠刺蛾属Phrixolepia Butler,1877黄刺蛾属Monema Walker,1855绿刺蛾属Parasa Moore,【1860】客刺蛾属Ceratonema Hampson,【1893】凯刺蛾属Caissa Hering,1931岐刺蛾属Austrapoda Inoue,1982奕刺蛾属Phlossa Walker,1858焰刺蛾属Iragoides Hering,1931素刺蛾属Susica Walker,1855扁刺蛾属Thosea Walker,1855环刺蛾属Birthosea Holloway,1986褐刺蛾属Setora Walker,1855织刺蛾属Macroplectra Hampson,【1893】1892铃刺蛾属Kitanola Matsumura,1925绒刺蛾属Phocoderma Butler,1886汉刺蛾属Hampsonella Dyar,1898卷蛾总科TORTRICOIDEA卷蛾科Tortricidae卷蛾亚科Tortricinae卷蛾族Tortricini长翅卷蛾属Acleris Hübner,【1825】伪长翅卷蛾属Pseudocroesia Razowski,1966彩翅卷蛾属Spatalistis Meyrick,1907卷蛾属Tortrix Linnaeus,1758云卷蛾族Cnephasiini云卷蛾属Cnephasia Curtis,1826星卷蛾属Propiromorpha Obraztsov,1955狭云卷蛾属Stenopteron Razowski,1988黄卷蛾族Archipini褐带卷蛾属Adoxophyes Meyrick,1881黄卷蛾属Archips Hübner,1822烟卷蛾属Capua Stephens,1834色卷蛾属Choristoneura Lederer,1859双斜卷蛾属Clepsis Guenée,1845达卷蛾属Daemilus Yasuda,1972叉卷蛾属Diplocalyptis Diakonoff,1976华卷蛾属Egogepa Razowski,1977丛卷蛾属Gnorismoneura Issiki et Stringer,1932长卷蛾属Homona Walker,1863尾卷蛾属Homonopsis Kuznetsov,1964禄卷蛾属Lumaria Diakonoff,1976圆卷蛾属Neocalyptis Diakonoff,1941褐卷蛾属Pandemis Hübner,【1825】铅卷蛾属Ptycholoma Stephens,1829综卷蛾属Syndemis Hübner,【1825】特卷蛾属Tosirips Razowski,1987齿卷蛾属Ulodemis Meyrick,1907长须卷蛾族Sparganothini长须卷蛾属Sparganothis Hübner,【1825】棕卷蛾族Euliini次卷蛾属Pseudargyrotoza Obraztsov,1954毛垫卷蛾属Synochoneura Obraztsov,1955斑卷蛾属Terthreutis Meyrick,1918纹卷蛾族Cochylini双纹卷蛾属Aethes Billberg,1820灰纹卷蛾属Cochylidia Obraztsov,1956窄纹卷蛾属Cochylimorpha Razowski,1960纹卷蛾属Cochylis Treitschke,1829银纹卷蛾属Eugnosta Hübner,【1825】1816单纹卷蛾属Eupoecilia Stephens,1829短纹卷蛾属Falseuncaria Obraztsov et Swatschek,1958狭纹卷蛾属Gynnidomorpha Turner,1916褐纹卷蛾属Phalonidia Le Marchand,1933小卷蛾亚科Olethreutinae尖翅小卷蛾族Bactrini尖翅小卷蛾属Bactra Stephens,1834小卷蛾族Olethreutini圆点小卷蛾属Eudemis Hübner,1825圆斑小卷蛾属Eudemopsis Falkovitsh,1962端小卷蛾属Phaecasiophora Grote,1873细小卷蛾属Psilacantha Diakonoff,1966水小卷蛾属Aterpia Guenée,1845巨小卷蛾属Statherotis Meyrick,1909明小卷蛾属Statherotmantis Diakonoff,1973隐小卷蛾属Neopotamia Diakonoff,1973发小卷蛾属Pseudohedya Falkovitsh,1962灰小卷蛾属Pseudosciaphila Obraztsov,1966月小卷蛾属Saliciphaga Falkovitsh,1962.966花翅小卷蛾属Lobesia Guenée,1845斜纹小卷蛾属Apotomis Hübner,【1825】1816草小卷蛾属Celypha Hübner,【1825】1816广翅小卷蛾属Hedya Hübner,【1825】1816后黑小卷蛾属Metendothenia Diakonoff,1973小卷蛾属Olethreutes Hübner,1822直茎小卷蛾属Rhopaltriplasia Diakonoff,1973轮小卷蛾属Rudisociaria Falkovitsh,1962恩小卷蛾族Enarmoniini镰翅小卷蛾属Ancylis Hübner,【1825】尖顶小卷蛾属Kennelia Rebel,1901楝小卷蛾属Loboschiza Diakonoff,1967樟小卷蛾属Neoanathamna Kawabe,1978褐斑小卷蛾属Semnostola Diakonoff,1959原小卷蛾属Sillybiphora Kuznetsov,1964花小卷蛾族Eucosmini褐小卷蛾属Antichlidas Meyrick,1931白斑小卷蛾属Epiblema Hübner,【1825】叶小卷蛾属Epinotia Hübner,【1825】菲小卷蛾属Fibuloides Kuznetsov,1997花小卷蛾属Eucosma Hübner,【1823】突小卷蛾属Gibberifera Obraztsov,1946柳小卷蛾属Gypsonoma Meyrick,1895瘦花小卷蛾属Lepteucosma Diakonoff,1971黑脉小卷蛾属Megaherpystis Diakonoff,1969双刺小卷蛾属Notocelia Hübner,【1825】连小卷蛾属Nuntiella Kuznetsov,1971刺小卷蛾属Pelochrista Lederer,1859实小卷蛾属Retinia Guenée,1845筒小卷蛾属Rhopalovalva Kuznetsov,1964黑痣小卷蛾属Rhopobota Lederer,1859梢小卷蛾属Rhyacionia Hübner,【1825】1816白小卷蛾属Spilonota Stephens,1829桉小卷蛾属Strepsicrates Meyrick,1888线小卷蛾属Zeiraphera Treitschke,1829小食心虫族Grapholitini斜斑小卷蛾属Andrioplecta Obraztsov,1968异形小卷蛾属Cryptophlebia Walsingham,1900食小卷蛾属Cydia Hübner,1825支小卷蛾属Fulcrifera Danilevsky et Kuznetsov,1968小食心虫属Grapholita Treitschke,1829豆食心虫属Leguminivora Obraztsov,1960豆小卷蛾属Matsumuraeses Issiki,1957超小卷蛾属Pammene Hübner,1825副超小卷蛾属Parapammene Obraztsov,1960曲小卷蛾属Strophedra Herrich-Sch?ffer,1853微小卷蛾属Dichrorampha Guenée,1845主要参考文献中名索引学名索引寄主中名索引寄主学名索引图版

章节摘录

　　鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）包括蛾类（moths）和蝴蝶（butterflies），目前已记载近16万种，估计有50万种（Kristensen et al，2007），是现今昆虫纲中的第2大目，大约占全部生物种类的10%，分布十分广泛。人们熟悉的家蚕、柞蚕、天蚕等是著名的产丝昆虫，是重要的生物资源。许多蝴蝶和一些蛾类形态美丽，具有很高的观赏价值。此外，因鳞翅目昆虫绝大多数种类以幼虫取食植物，许多种类是农林业的害虫。其中小蛾类作为害虫，尤以蛀果、蛀梢、卷叶、食叶、潜叶和造瘿者居多，常对农林业生产造成危害；只有少数类群为捕食性，是其他害虫的天敌。成虫多有访花习性，其传粉作用可以增加农林作物的产量，但它们大多在夜间活动，不像膜翅目昆虫的访花那样容易引起注意。因此，鳞翅目昆虫具有很重要的经济意义。　　秦岭西起甘肃省东部，东到河南省西部，平均海拔2000―3000m，主峰太白山海拔3767m，是中国南北气候的分界线，也是我国长江与黄河两大水系的分水岭。秦岭北坡为温带气候；南坡为亚热带气候，植被、景观分界明显，是一块古老的褶皱断层山地。北坡在4亿年前就上升为陆地，而南坡当时还浸于海水中，经历了古生代时期的沉积，直到距今3.75亿年前地质学上的加里东运动中，才出露海面。因此，秦岭南北动植物有着不同的发生和发展历史，在漫长的进化历史过程中融合交汇了大量不同区系的动植物物种，成为研究动植物区系特征、起源与演化的关键地区之一，在世界动物区系划分上是古北区和东洋区在我国境内的分界线。长期以来秦岭地区受到世界动植物区系和近代生物多样性研究者的广泛重视。　　由于小蛾类在鳞翅目中系统学地位相对原始，在研究系统进化等方面有重要意义。在48个现在已知的鳞翅目总科中，小蛾类包括了超过3/4的总科，在科级阶元上小蛾类占鳞翅目总数的2/3以上，但属级只占到1/6左右，到种一级比例则更低，除类群划分上的原因外，也从一个侧面反映出研究方面的严重不足。有关秦岭地区小蛾类昆虫过去仅散见于文献中，缺少系统的研究和记述。本书在地理区域上包括秦岭西段（甘肃小陇山、康县、文县）、主峰太白山南北及其延伸地区（陕西境内秦岭南北全部地区）、秦岭东段（河南境内伏牛山、白云山一带，包括内乡、西峡、栾川、卢氏、陕县、嵩县等）以及湖北神农架地区。　　在杨星科(2005）主编的《秦岭西段及甘南地区昆虫》和申效诚等（1994―2008）主编的《河南昆虫分类区系研究》系列专著中对秦岭地区的自然地理、区系性质和起源、分布特征等已有详细的探讨，相关内容可以从这些专著中得到参考。　　鳞翅目的形态特征在李后魂和王淑霞(2009）的著作《河北动物志》（小蛾类）和李后魂等（2009）《河南昆虫志》（鳞翅目：螟蛾总科）中已有介绍。本书总论部分着重介绍鳞翅目最新分类系统。各论部分重点记述秦岭地区分布的小蛾类种类。　　一、鳞翅目分类系统　　鳞翅目系统发育关系的重建由Niels P.Kristensen（1984）提出，并由Niels P.Kristensen和Andrzej W.Skalski（1998）修订，再由Niels P.Kristensen、Malcolm J.Scoble和Ole Karsholt于2007年进行了总结。Kristensen（1984）研究鳞翅目的原始类群后，根据21项特征证明鳞翅目与毛翅目近缘。他总结了27条鳞翅目可能的独有衍征，其中重要的几条是：①缺中单眼；②板幕骨具中后突；③触角柄节与鞭节间有插骨；④下唇须上有vom Rath’s器；⑤前足有前胫突；⑥翅密被鳞片；⑦两性均缺尾须；⑧存在无核精子；⑨幼虫口侧区延长，下颚须不超过3节。后来，鳞翅目的特征虽有增改，但作为独立的阶元已基本稳定。鳞翅目分类系统经不同时期的学者从不同角度研究探讨，最近Kristensen等（2007）把鳞翅目分为47个总科123个科，并且所属的高级阶元如亚目、次亚目等类别进行了较大的调整，其中双孔类包括了鳞翅目90%以上的种类，其余的除蝙蝠蛾科外无显著的经济意义，但分类地位和进化意义却十分重要。高级阶元常有变化，最近在大蛾类最显著的改变是将传统的毒蛾科Lymantriidae和灯蛾科Arctiidae降为夜蛾科Noctuidae的亚科（Lafontaine and Fibiger，2006）。目前按进化顺序排列为如下（根据Kristensen et al，2007修改）。　　……