突触结构、组织及神经药理学

出版时间：2010-8  出版社：科学出版社  作者：斯奎尔 编  页数：614  
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前言

什么是百科全书？这一名词来自于两个希腊单词：enkuklios（意思是循环的）和paideia（意思是教育）。在16世纪早期，拉丁手稿的抄写者们将这两个单词合而为一，其在英语中演化为一个单词，意思是具有广泛指导意义的工具书（The American Heritage Dictionary，2000，Boston：Houghton Mifflin，p.589）。从其来源可见，其希腊文原词中蕴含着以探索、综合的方式努力获取知识的含义。无论是拉丁文还是英文，该单词泛指涵盖广泛领域知识的工具书。希腊文中强调的以创造性手段获取知识，在神经科学领域尤其适用。神经科学本身就是一个非常新的名词。Francis Schmitt在本书第一版的前言中指出，本书的编写过程就是将不同领域的科学家们聚集在一起，冲击大脑研究中最顽固的难题。他推动建立了神经科学研究项目（Neuroscience Research。Program，简称NRP）。早期的NIRP成员包括一些学术巨匠，如因关于光合作用的研究获得诺贝尔奖的Melvin Calvin、诺贝尔奖获得者物理化学家Manfred：Eigen、生物化学家Alberc Lehninger，和当时正在努力破解基因编码的年轻分子生物学家Marshall Nirenberg。Schmitt建立NRP的时候，神经科学作为一门综合学科还几乎不存在。微电极的发明使神经生理学家们得以记录单细胞的电活动，但是几乎不可能甄别其生物化学特性。一个重要的推进来自20世纪60年代中期涌现的Falck-Hillarp荧光显微镜技术，它能够选择性地观察儿茶酚胺和5.羟色胺能神经元。这些胺类通路的研究又很快使得检测选择性损伤后效应的行为学家们和生化学家们开始合作研究，使得后者的工作不再局限于在整个脑组织匀浆的水平研究神经递质。20世纪70年代关于神经递质受体的生化研究、它们位点的放射自显影研究，以及神经多肽的免疫组织化学研究，更是进一步促进了神经生理学家、神经解剖学家、神经化学家和神经药理学家们的对话。而过去两个世纪以来，分子生物学技术手段的应用更加丰富了这一交流。

内容概要

《神经科学百科全书》原书篇幅巨大，为所有神经科学百科全书之首。书中覆盖了神经科学全部主要领域，由来自世界各地的2400多位专家撰稿人合力打造。每个词条在收入书中之前均经过顾问委员会的同行评议，词条中均含有词汇表、引言、参考文献和丰富的交叉参考内容。其内容平易而深度和广度独一无二。主编LarryR.Squire为美国神经科学学会前主席，畅销教科书《基础神经科学》(Fundamental Neuroscience)的策划人与主编。

作者简介

编者：（美国）斯奎尔（Larry R.Squire）

书籍目录

神经肌肉接头与间隙连接Autonomic Neuroeffector JunctionBotulinum and Tetanus ToxinsComparative Biology of Invertebrate Neuromuscular JunctionsDevelopment of Drosophila Neuromuscular JunctionsGap Junction Abnormalities and Disorders of the Nervous SystemGap Junction CommunicationGap Junctions and Electrical SynapsesGap Junctions and Hemichannels in GliaGap Junctions and Neuronal OscillationsGap Junctions: Metabolic ExchangesMagnocellular Neurosecretory System: Organization, Plasticity, Model Peptidergic NeuronsNeuromuscular Connections: Vertebrate Patterns ofNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): A Target for Natural and Environmental Toxins in HumansNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): AcetylcholinesterasesNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Activity-Dependent Muscle Fiber ModulationNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): AgingNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Inherited and Acquired DisordersNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Mammalian DevelopmentNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Postsynaptic Basal LaminaNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Postsynaptic Events in Neuromuscular TransmissionNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Non-Quantal Release of TransmitterNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Schwann Cells and Modulation of Neuromuscular TransmissionNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Short-Term Plasticity of Neuromuscular TransmissionNeuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Stretch Effects on Neuromuscular TransmissionNeuromuscular Junction Plasticity in Mammals and Botulinum ToxinsNeuromuscular Junction: Neuronal Regulation of Gene Transcription at the Vertebrate.Neuromuscular Junction: Synapse EliminationNeuromuscular Transmission Modulation at Invertebrate Neuromuscular JunctionsPresynaptic Events in Neuromuscular TransmissionPresynaptic: Mitochondria and Presynaptic FunctionSchwann Cells and Plasticity of the Neuromuscular Junction神经药理学AMPA Receptors: Molecular Biology and PharmacologyCognition: NeuropharmacologyDrug Addiction: Behavioral Pharmacology of Drug Addiction in RatsDrugs Addiction: ActionsExercise: Optimizing Function and Survival at the Cellular LevelMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs): Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Cell BiologyNeuropeptide Receptors-Drug DevelopmentPharmacology of Sleep: Adenosine突触结构Active ZoneActivity,Dependent Remodeling of Presynaptic BoutonsAdenosine Receptor Mediated FunctionsCadherins and Synapse OrganizationCell Adhesion Molecules at SynapsesDendritic Spine HistoryEndocytic Traffic in SpinesEndocytosis and Presynaptic ScaffoldsEph Receptor Signaling and Spine MorphologyGlia and Synapse Formation: An OverviewGlutamate Receptor Organization: Ultrastructural InsightsLIM Kinase and Actin Regulation of SpinesNeural Cell Adhesion Molecules and Synapse RegulationPostsynaptic Density/Architecture at Excitatory SynapsesPostsynaptic Specialization AssemblyPresynaptic Development: Functional and Morphological Organization,Presynaptic EndosomesPresynaptic Receptor SignalingPresynaptic Regulation by LiprinsRho GTPases and SpinesRibbon SynapsesRNA Granules: Functions within Presynaptic Terminals and Postsynaptic SpinesSpine PlasticitySpines and Mental DisordersSynapsins and Regulation of the Reserve PoolSynaptic Capture and TaggingSynaptic Plasticity: Short-Term MechanismsTranslational Regulation at the SynapseUltrastructural Analysis of Spine PlasticityUltrastructural Organization of Release Sites in the Calyx of Held原书词条中英对照表

章节摘录

插图：The autonomic neuromuscular junction differs in sev-eral important respects from the better known skele-tal neuromuscular junction; it is not a synapse withthe well-defined prejunctional and postjunctionalspecializations established for the skeletal neuromus-cular synapse or ganglionic synapses. A model of theautonomic neuroeffector junction has been proposedon the basis of combined electrophysiologic, histo-chemical, and electron-microscopical studies. Theessential features of this model are that the terminalportions of autonomic nerve fibers are varicose,transmitters being released en passage from varicos-ities during conduction of an impulse, although excit-atory and inhibitory junction potentials are probablyelicited only at close junctions. Furthermore, theeffectors are muscle bundles rather than single smoothmuscle cells and are connected by low-resistancepathways （gap junctions） that allow electrotonicspread of activity within the effector bundle. Inblood vessels, the nerves are confined to the adventi-tial side of the media muscle coat, and this geometryappears to facilitate dual control of vascular smoothmuscle by perivascular nerves and by endothelialrelaxing and contracting factors. Neuroeffector junc-tions do not have a permanent geometry with post-junctional specializations, but rather the varicositiesare continuously moving, and their special relationwith muscle cell membranes changes with time,including dispersal and reformation of receptor clus-ters. For example, varicosity movement is likely tooccur in cerebral blood arteries, where there is acontinuously increasing density of sympathetic inner-vation during development and aging and in hyper-tensive vessels or those that have been stimulatedchronically in vivo, where there can be an increasein innervation density of up to threefold.

用户评论 (总计2条)

•   非常好的书，值得买一套珍藏！
•   经典读物，存档用的哦