学习与记忆

出版时间：2010-8  出版社：科学出版社  作者：斯奎尔  页数：863  
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前言

什么是百科全书？这一名词来自于两个希腊单词：enkuMios（意思是循环的）和paideia（意思是教育）。在16世纪早期，拉丁手稿的抄写者们将这两个单词合而为一，其在英语中演化为一个单词，意思是具有广泛指导意义的工具书（The American Heritage Dictionary，2000，Boston：Houghton Mifflin，p.589）。从其来源可见，其希腊文原词中蕴含着以探索、综合的方式努力获取知识的含义。无论是拉丁文还是英文，该单词泛指涵盖广泛领域知识的工具书。希腊文中强调的以创造性手段获取知识，在神经科学领域尤其适用。神经科学本身就是一个非常新的名词。Francis Schmitt在本书第一版的前言中指出，本书的编写过程就是将不同领域的科学家们聚集在一起，冲击大脑研究中最顽固的难题。他推动建立了神经科学研究项目（Neuroscience Research Program，简称NRP）。早期的NRP成员包括一些学术巨匠，如因关于光合作用的研究获得诺贝尔奖的Melvin Calvin、诺贝尔奖获得者物理化学家Manfred.Eigen、生物化学家Albert Lehninger，和当时正在努力破解基因编码的年轻分子生物学家MarshallNirenberg。

内容概要

《神经科学百科全书》原书篇幅巨大，为所有神经科学百科全书之首。书中覆盖了神经科学全部主要领域，由来自世界各地的2400多位专家撰稿人合力打造。每个词条在收入书中之前均经过顾问委员会的同行评议，词条中均含有词汇表、引言、参考文献和丰富的交叉参考内容。其内容平易而深度和广度独一无二。主编Larry R.Squire为美国神经科学学会前主席，畅销教科书《基础神经科学》(Fundamental Neuroscience)的策划人与主编。

作者简介

作者：（美国）斯奎尔（Larry R.Squire）

书籍目录

动物模型  Aging and Memory in Animals  Animal Models of Amnesia  Invertebrate Models to Study Learning and Memory:Lymnaea  Learning and Memory m Invertebrate Models: Tritonia  Learmng and Memory m Invertebrates: Aplysia  Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: C. Elegans  Learnmg and Memory m Invertebrates: Drosophila  Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Hermissenda  Learning and Memory m Invertebrates: Honey Bee  Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Limax  Learning and Memory m Invertebrates: Mollusks  Procedural Learning in Animals突触可塑性与神经可塑性  Adult Cortical Plasticity  BDNF in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory  Calcium-Caimodulin Kinase II (CaMKII) in Learning and Memory  Cortical Plasticity and Learning: Mechanisms and Models  Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Role in Learning and Memory  Cytoskeleton in Plasticity  Endocannabinoid Role in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning  Extracellular Matrix Molecules: Synaptic Plasticity and Learning  Fear Conditioning and Synaptic Plasticity  Fragile X Syndrome  GABAA Receptor Synaptic Functions  Hebbian Plasticity  Long-Term Depression (LTD): Endocannabinoids and Cerebellar LTD  Long-Term Depression (LTD): Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor(mGluR) and NMDAR-Dependent Forms  Long-Term Depression: Cerebellum  Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)  Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): Mossy Fiber cAMP-Dependent Presynaptic LTP  Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): NMDA Receptor Role  Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Experience-Dependent Plasticity.  MAP Kinase Signaling in Learning and Memory  Metaplasticity  Neuroplasticity: Computational Approaches  Pain and Plasticity  Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability  Plasticity, and Activity-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression  Post-Tetanic Potentiation (PTP)  Presynaptic Facilitation  Presynaptic Inhibition  Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP)  Stress and Neuronal Plasticity  Synaptic Capture and Tagging  Synaptic Depression  Synaptic Mechanisms of Learning  Synaptic Plasticity and Place Cell Formation  Synaptic Plasticity: Cerebellum  Synaptic Plasticity: Diacylglycerol Signalling Role  Synaptic Plasticity: Learning and Memory in Normal Aging  Synaptic Plasticity: Neuronogenesis and Stem Cells in Normal Brain Aging  Synaptic Plasticity: Short-Term Mechanisms  Transcription Factors in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning and Memory  Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Plasticity学习与记忆的系统和机制  Aging and Memory in Humans  Aging: Brain Potential Measures and Reaction Time Studies  Amnesia: Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory  Attentional Functions in Learning and Memory  Basal Forebrain and Memory  Birdsong Learning  Birdsong Learning: Evolutionary, Behavioral, and Hormonal Issues  Birdsong: The Neurobiology of Avian Vocal Learning  Conditioned Reflex  Conditioned Taste Aversion  Conditioning: Simple Neural Circuits in the Honeybee  Conditioning: Theories  Declarative Memory System: Anatomy  Emotional Hormones and Memory Modulation  Emotional Influences on Memory and Attention  Emotional Learning in Humans  Episodic Memory  Episodic Memory: Assessment in Animals  Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)  Eyeblink Conditioning  Functional Amnesia  Hippocampus and Neural Representations  Hippocampus: Computational Models  Hormones and Memory  Humans  Learned Flavor Aversions and Preferences  Learning, Action, Inference and Neuromodulation  Memory Consolidation: Cerebral Cortex  Memory Consolidation: Systems  Memory Disorders  Memory Representation  Memory: Computational Models  Memory: Genetic Approaches  Motor Autonomic Transmission  Motor Skill Learning  Multiple Memory Systems  Operant Conditioning of Reflexes  Perceptual Learning and Sensory Plasticity  Perceptual Learning: Neural Mechanisms  Pharmacology of Fear Extinction  Prediction Errors in Neural Processing: Imaging in Humans  Priming  Procedural Learning in Humans  Procedural Learning: Cerebellum Models  Procedural Learning: Classical Conditioning  Procedural Learning: Striatum  Recognition Memory  Reinforcement Models  Respiration  Reward and Learning  Semantic Memory  Short Term and Working Memory  Sleep-Dependent Memory Processing  Spatial Memory: Assessment in Animals  Statistical Learning of Language  Strategic Control of Memory  Visual Associative Memory  Working Memory: Capacity Limitations原书词条中英对照表

章节摘录

插图：Another training parameter that affects memory induction is neuronal activity. In the sensitization experiments described above, one site on the tail is used to test the reflex, and shock is applied to another site; thus the sensory neurons （SNs） at the test site do not fire during the tail shock. This form of sensitiza-tion is termed 'repeated-trial' （RT） sensitization.However, the shock site itself also shows sensitiza-tion, and this 'site-specific' sensitization differs fromRT sensitization in that ITM induction requires only asingle shock.   Related to the relationship between trial numberand pattern is the question of how a prior learningexperience influences later training. Recently, twoforms of latent learning have been described in theT-SWR. Latent learning is a phenomenon in whichlearning-related changes occur, but these changesare subthreshold for detection by memory tests. Thepresence of latent learning is typically revealed as afacilitation of subsequent memory formation, oftencalled savings. In one study, LTM was induced andthen allowed to decay. After the T-SWR returned tobaseline （the memory was 'forgotten'）, animals weregiven stimulation that typically produces no learning.In previously trained animals, this stimulus patterninduced both ITM and LTM. In the second study,LTM was induced ipsilaterally, after which, animalswere given a brief shock that is below threshold forinduction of sensitization in otherwise untrained ani-mals. This stimulus, given to the contralateral side,induced sensitization in previously trained animals.

编辑推荐

《神经科学百科全书13•学习与记忆(导读版)》主编为著名神经科学家、美国神经科学学会前主席Larry R.Squire。内容平易，本科生即可读懂。深度和广度独一无二，足可满足专家学者的需要。导读版精选原书中的部分主题，按内容重新编排，更适合国内读者购买和阅读。

用户评论 (总计2条)

•   经典资料，需要的懂得。
•   作为此系列中的一本，这是非常好的书，我买了是作为教材使用的。